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【目的】野生小豆是栽培小豆的祖先种,比较分析野生小豆和栽培小豆的农艺性状,以了解小豆在驯化过程中性状的变异,为小豆农艺性状驯化选择变异的分子解析提供精准的表型数据。【方法】连续2年调查56份野生小豆、64份半野生小豆、196份地方品种、85份育成品种,共401份种质资源的农艺性状,比较分析野生小豆和栽培小豆的相关性状及其变异。【结果】从野生小豆到栽培品种的演化过程中,植株由匍匐蔓生变成直立,株高降低,始花期缩短,百粒重和最大叶面显著增加。从野生小豆到栽培小豆,株高降低了37.5cm;始花期缩短了37.93d、百粒重增加了8.03g、最大叶面积增加了27cm2。遗传参数分析表明始花天数的遗传力从野生小豆到栽培小豆提高了0.58,百粒重的遗传力增加了0.24。人工选择促使始花期和百粒重的遗传稳定性增加。相关分析显示增加叶面积、株高、单株荚数、单荚粒数是提高单株产量的有效途径。【结论】在小豆驯化过程中,农艺性状变异明显且具有方向性。
【Objective】 Wild adzuki beans are the ancestral species of adzuki bean, comparatively analyzed the agronomic characters of adzuki bean and cultivated adzuki bean so as to understand the variation of adzuki bean during domestication, and provide the accurate phenotypic data for the molecular analysis of adzuki bean agronomic trait selection variation . 【Method】 The agronomic traits of 56 accessions, 196 accessions, 196 accessions and 85 accessions were investigated for 2 consecutive years. The relative traits of wild accessions and cultivars were compared variation. 【Result】 The results showed that during the evolution from wild adzuki bean to cultivated cultivars, the plants changed from creeping to erect, plant height decreased, flowering period shortened, and the 100-grain weight and the largest leaf surface increased significantly. From wild adzuki bean to cultivated adzuki bean, the plant height was reduced by 37.5 cm, the initial flowering period was shortened by 37.93 days, the weight per 100 seeds increased by 8.03 g, and the maximum leaf area increased by 27 cm 2. Genetic parameter analysis showed that the heritability of the first flowering days was increased by 0.58 from wild adzuki bean to cultivated adzuki bean, and the heritability of 100 kernel weight increased by 0.24. Artificial selection led to increased initial stability and 100-grain genetic stability. Correlation analysis showed that increasing leaf area, plant height, number of pods per plant and number of single pods were effective ways to increase yield per plant. 【Conclusion】 During the domestication of adzuki bean, the variation of agronomic traits was obvious and directional.