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在中国,对官吏进行法律监督,最早可以追溯到先秦时代。但是,监察制度的建立,是从秦代设置御史大夫开始的。对官吏实施有效的监督,有利于吏治的整肃,有利于维护皇权,所以历代统治者都沿用了这一制度,并在实践中不断予以完善。明代的监察制度就是在前代监察制度的基础上建立起来的,而且比前代更加成熟,更加完备,更加系统化。监察机构及职能明代的监察机构由都察院和六科给事中两部分组成。都察院是全国最高的监察机关,负责对全国各级官吏的监督和纠察。明初,在中央设御史台,设有御史大夫、御史中丞、监察御史等官员,负责纠弹百官。l382年,扩充中央的监察机构,把御史台改为都察院。都察院长官为都御史,下属有左右副都御史各l人,左右佥都御史各2人,十三道监察
In China, the legal supervision of officials can be traced back to the pre-Qin era. However, the establishment of the supervisory system started with the establishment of the imperial doctor in the Qin Dynasty. The effective supervision of the officials is conducive to the purging of officials and the maintenance of the imperial power. Therefore, all the rulers of the past have followed this system and are constantly improving in practice. The supervisory system of the Ming Dynasty was established on the basis of the previous supervisory system and was more mature, more complete and more systematic than the previous generation. Supervision agencies and functions Ming supervision agencies from the Duchador and six subjects to give two parts. The procuratorate is the highest supervisory organ in the country and is responsible for the supervision and inspection of the officials at all levels in the country. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were officials in the Central Government’s Royal Observatory, such as Imperial Scientists, Central Historians, and Censor Ombudsmen. In l382, the Central Supervision Department was expanded to change the censor station to the coterie. All the chiefs of the censor are censor, subordinates have about deputy censor each l people, about all censor Yu censor 2, thirteen monitor