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目的:了解头孢菌素致过敏性休克的情况,探究其发生规律。方法:检索《万方数据》和《中国知网》中有关头孢菌素引起过敏性休克的文献资料(1998～2011年),筛选收集过敏性休克的病例报告,按患者年龄、性别、给药途经、原患疾病、发生时间、愈后等进行统计分析。结果:检索获得头孢菌素引起过敏性休克的病例共459例,以第三代头孢菌素及其酶抑制药复合制剂为主(62.31%);居前3位的品种为头孢曲松(20.48%)、头孢噻肟(12.85%)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(12.85%)。给药途径以静脉用药为主(85.40%);多发于用药后10 min内(61.66%);1 min～24 h内缓解或痊愈(87.58%);有48例(10.46%)死亡。结论:临床应重视头孢菌素引起的过敏性休克,鼓励、推广头孢的皮试工作,以确保用药安全。
Objective: To understand the situation of cephalosporin-induced anaphylactic shock and explore its occurrence. Methods: The literatures about cephalosporin-induced anaphylactic shock in “Wanfang Data” and “CNKI” were searched from 1998 to 2011. The cases of atopic shock were screened and classified according to patient’s age, sex and administration Passing, the original suffering from the disease, the time of occurrence, the more after the statistical analysis. Results: A total of 459 cases of cephalosporin-induced anaphylactic shock were obtained, of which the third-generation cephalosporin and its enzyme inhibitor combination were the predominant (62.31%). The top three varieties were ceftriaxone (20.48% %), Cefotaxime (12.85%), cefoperazone / sulbactam (12.85%). The route of administration was mainly intravenous (85.40%). Multiple episodes occurred within 10 min (61.66%) after treatment; remission or recovery within 1 min to 24 h (87.58%); 48 (10.46%) died. Conclusion: Clinical should pay attention to cephalosporin-induced anaphylactic shock, to encourage and promote the skin test of cephalosporin in order to ensure the safety of medication.