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在旧中国,由于政治经济发展不平衡,也由于各帝国主义国家的干涉和相互争夺,使得北洋军阀和国民党政府始终不能形成一个真正统一的全国政权。蒋介石在南京建立了中央政权以后,割据各地的国民党地方实力派,表面上均已归属国民党中央,他们的军队列入国民党国民革命军的统一编制,各地行政权名义上亦隶属南京政府,其头面人物还是国民党中央委员或国民政府的什么长、主任等等。然而、在政治、军事、财政、组织人事等实质性问题上,南京国民党政府都无法进行干预,地方实力派在很大程度上保持着独立性。 蒋介石在1930年击败了阎锡山、冯玉祥等的武装挑战后,其统治中央的局面基本上已不可动摇,当务之急是实质的而非形式的统一全国,这就必须控制、削弱、瓦解、消灭各地方
In old China, the Northern Warlords and the KMT government failed to form a truly unified national power because of the unbalanced political and economic development as well as the interference and mutual scrambles of various imperialist countries. After Chiang Kai-shek established the central government in Nanjing, he divided all local Kuomintang factional units and apparently owned the KMT Central Committee. All their troops were included in the unified preparation of the Kuomintang National Revolutionary Army. The administrative authority of all places was also nominally attached to the Nanjing government. The characters or the KMT Central Committee or the KMT government what long, director and so on. However, on the substantive issues of politics, military affairs, finance, organization and personnel, the KMT government in Nanjing was unable to intervene, and the local strength groups largely maintained their independence. When Chiang Kai-shek defeated the armed challenges of Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang in 1930, the situation in which the Central Government was ruled was basically unshakable. The pressing task now was to unify the entire country in a substantive rather than a formal manner. This must control, weaken, disrupt and destroy all places