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本研究以砂页岩紫色土为对象,研究不同坡度下生态措施对地表径流和土壤侵蚀的影响及其机理。结果表明,与相应的裸露荒地相比,坡度5°时,坡改梯、横坡种植、杨梅林地和恢复草地的土壤侵蚀模数分别降低10%、18%、37%和94%;10°时,坡改梯、刺槐、枫树和枣树林的地表径流系数和土壤侵蚀模数分别降低7%-60%和15%-86%,而林间除草的藤茶林增加30%和77%;15°时,草地恢复结合谷坊工程的地表径流系数和土壤侵蚀模数降低了30%和40%。坡改梯、横坡种植、经果林和水保林可在较低坡度(≤10°)降低水土流失,但须减少土壤扰动、增加林间或林下植被覆盖;人工或自然植被恢复结合谷坊工程可在较大坡度(15°)有效防治水土流失。砂页岩紫色土的地表径流系数与土壤侵蚀模数呈显著指数相关(R2=0.73-0.98,P<0.01),说明地表径流系数可用于指示和评价易分散岩性土壤的水土流失状况。
In this study, the sandy shale purple soil was taken as an object to study the effects of different ecological measures on surface runoff and soil erosion and its mechanism. The results showed that the soil erosion modulus decreased by 10%, 18%, 37% and 94% respectively when the slope was changed to 5 °, slope planting, , The surface runoff coefficient and soil erosion modulus decreased by 7% -60% and 15% -86%, respectively, while those of the inter-weeding vineyards increased by 30% and 77% At 15 °, the surface runoff coefficient and soil erosion modulus of grassland restoration combined with the valley project decreased by 30% and 40% respectively. Slope change, slope planting, fruit grove and water and forest can reduce soil erosion at lower slope (≤10 °), but soil disturbance should be reduced and forest or understory vegetation coverage should be increased; artificial or natural vegetation should be restored in combination with valley Square project can effectively control soil and water loss at a large slope (15 °). The surface runoff coefficient of sandy shale purple soil shows a significant exponential correlation with soil erosion modulus (R2 = 0.73-0.98, P <0.01), indicating that the surface runoff coefficient can be used to indicate and evaluate the soil erosion of easily dispersible lithological soil.