【摘 要】
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The catalytic conversion of CO2 to fuels or chemicals is considered to be an effective pathway to mitigate the greenhouse effect.To develop new types of efficient and durable catalysts,it is critical to identify the catalytic active sites,surface intermed
【机 构】
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Department of Chemical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
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The catalytic conversion of CO2 to fuels or chemicals is considered to be an effective pathway to mitigate the greenhouse effect.To develop new types of efficient and durable catalysts,it is critical to identify the catalytic active sites,surface intermediates,and reaction mechanisms to reveal the relationship between the active sites and catalytic performance.However,the structure of a heterogeneous catalyst usually dynamically changes during reaction,bringing a great challenge for the identification of catalytic active sites and reaction pathways.Therefore,in-situ/operando techniques have been employed to real-time monitor the dynamic evolution of the structure of active sites under actual reaction conditions to pre-cisely build the structure-function relationship.Here,we review the recent progress in the application of various in-situ/operando techniques in identifying active sites for catalytic conversion of CO2 over heterogeneous catalysts.We systematically summarize the applications of various optical and X-ray spectroscopy techniques,including Raman spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),in identifying active sites and determining reaction mechanisms of the CO2 thermochemical con-version with hydrogen and light alkanes over heterogeneous catalysts.Finally,we discuss challenges and opportunities for the development of in-situ characterization in the future to further enlarge the capabil-ity of these powerful techniques.
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