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氟化物熔盐在熔盐堆(MSR)中可用作为核燃料载体和冷却剂,其独特热物理化学性质能极大提高MSR的传热效率。但MSR高温和强腐蚀条件对材料的选择使用要求非常苛刻,特别是氟化物熔盐在高温下对结构材料的腐蚀直接关系到MSR的安全运行和使用寿命,成为制约MSR应用发展的关键。本文综述了LiF-NaF-KF(Flinak)和LiF-BeF2(Flibe)熔盐与金属合金材料、碳材料及陶瓷材料腐蚀行为方面的研究进展,对材料在不同条件下腐蚀行为的机理进行了分析。研究发现,应用于MSR的高镍基合金及石墨材料存在着高温腐蚀性及机械性能差等弱点。未来新型高镍基合金、C/C复合材料及新型陶瓷材料(SiC及其复合材料、其他陶瓷材料)有望在氟化物熔盐体系中获得应用,并最终解决MSR用材料的困惑,实现MSR快速工业化发展。
Fluoride molten salts are useful as nuclear fuel carriers and coolants in molten salt heaps (MSRs) and their unique thermophysical properties can greatly improve the heat transfer efficiency of MSRs. However, the use of MSR under high temperature and strong corrosion conditions is very harsh on the choice of materials. In particular, the corrosion of structural materials by molten salt at high temperature is directly related to the safe operation and service life of MSR, which becomes the key to control the development of MSR. In this paper, the research progress of the corrosion behavior of molten salt, metal alloy, carbon material and ceramic material of LiF-NaF-KF (Flinak) and LiF-BeF2 (Flibe) is reviewed. The corrosion behavior of the material under different conditions is analyzed . The study found that the high nickel-based alloys and graphite materials used in MSR have weaknesses such as high temperature corrosion and poor mechanical properties. The future of new high-nickel-based alloys, C / C composites and new ceramic materials (SiC and its composites, other ceramic materials) is expected to be used in fluoride molten salt system, and ultimately solve the confusion of MSR materials to achieve fast MSR Industrialization.