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缺血性脑卒中（ischemic stroke, IS）是最常见的神经系统疾病，因其高致残率和病死率，且治疗时间窗口窄，迫切需要寻找新的治疗手段来减少IS后的脑损伤。sigma-1受体（sigma-1 receptor, Sig-1R）是一种特异性分子伴侣蛋白，在中枢神经系统中高表达，参与神经元可塑性调节。文章通过对Sig-1R结构、分布、相关通路及配体的阐述，针对Sig-1R在IS中的作用及其机制进行综述，为探索Sig-1R相关配体发展为抗IS候选药物提供理论依据。“,”Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most common neurological disease. With respect to its high disability and mortality and narrow treatment time window, there is an urgent need to find new treatment methods to reduce brain damage after IS. Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a specific molecular chaperone protein that is highly expressed in the central nervous system and participates in the regulation of neuronal plasticity. This paper introduced the structure, distribution, related pathways and ligands of Sig-1R, and summarized the role and mechanism of Sig-1R in IS, so as to provide theoretical evidence for exploring the development of Sig-1R-related ligands as anti-IS drug candidates.