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克山病是我国一种重点地方病,病变主要累及心肌,急型、亚急型克山病发病急、病死率高,慢型患者心脏增大、心力衰竭,严重威胁病区居民健康。本文从急型、亚急型克山病得到有效控制,楚雄克山病综合性科学考察,克山病监测指导防治策略调整,基本消除克山病4个方面回顾了克山病科研和防治经验,总结新中国成立后,克山病防治工作在保障病区居民健康、提升患者生活质量方面的作用,明确地方病防治三年攻坚行动在“健康中国”助力全面小康中的意义。“,”Keshan disease is one of key endemic diseases in China, which mainly involves the myocardium. Acute and subacute Keshan disease has an acute onset and high mortality. The heart function of patients with chronic Keshan disease is impaired, which seriously threatens the health of residents in the disease affected areas. In this paper, we reviewed the meaningful events in Keshan disease contorl which involve the effective control of acute and subacute Keshan disease, the national comprehensive scientific investigation of Keshan disease in Chuxiong region of Yunnan Province, surveillance of Keshan disease, and elimination of Keshan disease. The roles of Keshan disease prevention and control in promoting the health of residents in the disease affected areas and in improving the quality of life of patients were proved, since the founding of the People's Republic of China. And the significance of the three-year campaign of endemic disease prevention and control in “Healthy China” to assist in building an all-round well-off society was clarified.