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问:为什么陰極射線是沿直線傳播的,其方向與陰極表面垂直,与陽極的位置無關?〔高中物理学第三册87頁(1954年版)〕答:所問的情况是稀薄氣體放電管中的現象。產生這現象時,管中氣體很少,氣壓大約在百萬分之一大氣壓左右谶@情况下放電,陰極與陽極间的電場强度不是均匀分佈的;在陰極附近電場强度很大;離開陰極稍遠,一直到陽極,頗長一段距離中,電場强度是不大的謴撵o電學可以知道,接近導體表面的電場方向是垂直於導體表面的,因此在陰陽二極附近
Q: Why does the cathode ray travel in a straight line perpendicular to the surface of the cathode, regardless of the anode position? [High School Physics, Book 3, 87 (1954)] A: The situation asked was thin gas discharge tube The phenomenon. When this phenomenon occurs, there is very little gas in the tube. The pressure is about 1 millionth of an atmospheric pressure and discharged. The electric field strength between the cathode and the anode is not evenly distributed. The electric field strength is very high near the cathode. Far away, until the anode, a long distance, the electric field strength is not large 电 謴 撵 o electric can know that the direction of the electric field near the conductor surface is perpendicular to the conductor surface, so in the vicinity of the yin and yang