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西方的新闻事业，在过去几个世纪里，其功能几经变迁，各个国家的新闻法制也随之表现出不同的性质。究其原因，一些思想巨人的政治学说在相当程度上促动着这种法制沿革。作者在这里从四个不同时期，分别向我们展示了西方新闻法制沿革的政治学说背景。即：１．古希腊时期的城邦政治学说，崇尚理性和自由论辩；２．从中世纪到资本主义前夜出现并盛行的集权主义理论主张绝对权力，将报刊作为国家的工具；３．在资产阶级全面兴起时期，新闻法制全面接受了自由主义的政治学说，称新闻媒介为“第四种权力”；４．到了现代资本主义时期，“社会责任论”暗示着新闻事业必须服务于社会，同时暗示政府及立法、司法机构应对新闻给予必要干预，即所谓“履行职责，才有自由”。作者指出，思想家们从不同角度阐发了开掘人的理性、尊重人的价值、维护言论表达、意见交流自由的光辉思想，形成一个言论、出版、新闻自由的思想武库，西方社会依此建立起较为进步、民主、自由的新闻传播秩序，进而对新闻事业实行法制，把对公民新闻自由权利的保障制度化，将新闻媒介应当对社会承担的道义责任上升为法律义务。
In the past few centuries, Western journalism has undergone several changes in its functions and the legal systems of news in various countries have also shown different characteristics. The reason for this is that the political doctrines of some giants of thought have, to a considerable degree, motivated this legal system. From four different periods here, the author separately shows us the political theory background of the evolution of the legal system of western news. Namely: 1. In the ancient Greek city-state politics, advocating rational and free argument; 2. From the Middle Ages to the emergence and prevalence of capitalism appeared on the eve of capitalist absolute theory of absolute power, the press as a national tool; During the all-round rise of the bourgeoisie, the news legal system fully embraced the liberal political theory and called the news media “the fourth power.” By the time of modern capitalism, “social responsibility theory” implied that journalism must serve the society. At the same time, it hinted that the government and the legislature and the judiciary should give necessary intervention to the news, that is, “to exercise their duties and have freedom”. The author points out that thinkers have elucidated from different angles the glorious thoughts of digging people’s rationality, respecting human values, safeguarding freedom of expression and freedom of opinion exchanges and forming a thinking arsenal of freedom of speech, press and press. The Western society thus established comparatively Progress, democracy and freedom of information dissemination order, and then the legal system of journalism, institutionalized the protection of the rights of citizens to press freedom, the media should assume the moral responsibility of society to legal obligations.