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针对复杂通道类零件的五轴数控加工,提出一种控制刀轴稳定变化的刀轴规划方法。首先,通过对刀轴可行空间的均匀离散,建立一种高效求解刀轴可行空间精细边界的方法;然后,依据刀轴矢量规划准则,求解满足机床角加速度约束的可行刀轴序列集合,并提出一种切削行内旋转坐标线性变化的刀轴矢量规划方法;最后,通过建立刀轴变化和残留高度综合评价指标,得到优化的刀轴矢量,并与典型的商用软件进行了实验对比验证。结果表明,使用本文提出的刀轴规划方法得到的切削行刀位轨迹旋转坐标变化均匀,旋转轴角加速度最大值降低到商用软件的10%以下,残留高度平均值降低了22%,改善了切削过程的稳定性,提高了加工表面质量。
Aiming at the five-axis CNC machining of complex channel-like parts, a method to control the tool axis stability is proposed. Firstly, a method of efficiently solving the fine boundary of feasible space for the tool axis is established by uniform dispersion of the feasible space of the tool axis. Then, based on the tool axis vector programming criterion, a feasible tool axis sequence set satisfying the constraint of angular acceleration of the machine tool is proposed. Finally, the optimal tool axis vector is obtained through the establishment of the comprehensive evaluation index of tool axis variation and residual height, and the experimental verification is carried out with the typical commercial software. The results show that the rotary coordinates of the tool path obtained by the proposed tool axis planning method change uniformly, the maximum value of the angular acceleration of the rotary axis is reduced to less than 10% of the commercial software, the average residual height is reduced by 22%, and the cutting The stability of the process improves the quality of the machined surface.