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[背景]邻苯二甲酸酯是无处不在的环境污染物。由于对人类健康的潜在不利影响,邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯[BBzP;代谢物,邻苯二甲酸单苄基酯(MBzP)]、邻苯二甲酸二丁基酯[DnBP;代谢物,邻苯二甲酸单丁基酯(MnBP)]、以及邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)正在被替代品所取代,包括其他邻苯二甲酸酯。然而,人群水平暴露的结果趋势却鲜为人知。[目的]研究普通美国人群中尿邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度的时间趋势,以及该趋势是否随着社会人口学特征不同而发生变化。[方法]结合国家健康和营养调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,2001—2010)五个周期中11 071名参加者的11种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的数据。采用多元回归模型计算百分比变化和最小二乘几何平均数(LSGMs)。[结果]邻苯二甲酸单乙酯、MnBP、MBzP和∑DEHP代谢产物的LSGM浓度在2001—2002年度与2009—2010年度之间下降[百分比变化(95%CI)分别为:-42%(-49%~-34%);-17%(-23%~-9%);-32%(-39%~-23%)和-37%(-46%~-26%)]。与此相反,研究期间邻苯二甲酸单异丁基酯、邻苯二甲酸单(3-羧基丙基)酯(MCPP)、邻苯二甲酸单羧基辛基酯和邻苯二甲酸单羧基壬基酯(MCNP)的LSGM浓度增加[百分比变化(95%CI)分别为:206%(178%~236%);25%(8%~45%);149%(102%~207%)和15%(1%~30%)]。某些邻苯二甲酸盐在人群亚组中存在趋势变化。例如,在儿童中DEHP代谢物总和、MCPP和MCNP的LSGM浓度高于成年人,但是群体之间的差异随着时间的推移而变小(P交互作用<0.01)。[结论]美国人群的邻苯二甲酸酯暴露在过去十年中发生了变化。数据上的差距令人很难解释其趋势,但立法活动和非政府组织的宣传活动可能在不断变化的趋势中起到了一定的作用。
[Background] Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Butyl phthalate [BBzP; metabolite, monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP)], dibutyl phthalate [DnBP; metabolites , Monobutyl phthalate (MnBP)], and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are being replaced by alternatives, including other phthalates. However, the trend of the result of exposure to the crowd is poorly understood. [Objective] To investigate the time trend of urinary phthalate metabolite concentration in the general American population and whether this trend changes with the socio-demographic characteristics. [Method] Data from 11 phthalate metabolites from 11 071 participants in five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2010) were combined. Multiple regression models were used to calculate percent change and least squares geometric mean (LSGMs). [Results] The LSGM concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, MnBP, MBzP and ΣDEHP metabolites decreased between 2001-2002 and 2009-2010 [percentage change (95% CI), respectively: -42% -49% to -34%); -17% (-23% -9%); -32% (-39% -23%) and -37% (-46% -26%)]. In contrast, monoisobutyl phthalate, mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), monocarboxyoctyl phthalate and monocarboxyphthalate (95% CI) of MCEs were 206% (178% -236%), 25% (8% -45%), 149% (102% -207%) and 15% (1% ~ 30%)]. Some phthalates have a trend change in the subgroup of people. For example, the sum of DEHP metabolites, MCPP, and MCNP in children has a higher LSGM concentration in adults than in adults, but the differences between the groups diminish over time (P-interaction <0.01). [Conclusion] Phthalate exposure in the U.S. population has changed over the past decade. The gaps in the data make it difficult to explain their trends, but legislative and non-governmental information campaigns may play a role in changing trends.