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绪言现在河川堤防的形状,是在长期的治水历史中经历了各种各样的经验教训而确定下来的。历史上,由于洪水时堤防溃决而引起水灾的事例很多。根据水灾的教训,人们采取了加高培厚堤防等补强措施,从而提高了堤防的安全性。根据这类经验,并进一步在各条河川上确定了标准断面。如果按照标准断面进行一般的施工,对于通常的洪水来说,堤防的安全性是相当高的。然而,如果发生比以往的洪水水位更高、持续时间更长的洪水,即在异常洪水时,由于堤身内渗透着水,就可能引起堤防内坡的滑动。尤其是近年来,河川的流域开发也在进行,河川泛滥区内的国家财产不断增加,作为防灾建筑物的河川堤防的重要性也相应地提高了。
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the shape of river embankments has been shaped by various experiences and lessons learned in the long history of flood control. Historically, there have been many cases of floods caused by the collapse of dikes during floods. According to the lesson of flood disaster, people took reinforcement measures such as embankment construction to raise the safety of dike. Based on this type of experience, the standard sections were further defined on various rivers. If the normal construction is carried out according to the standard section, the safety of the dike is rather high for the usual floods. However, in the event of floods that last longer and have a longer duration than previous flooding levels, that is, in the case of anomalous floods, the dipping of the dike may result from the infiltration of water in the dike. In recent years, in particular, the development of river basins in the river has also been carried out. The state property in river rafts has been steadily increasing and the importance of river embankments as disaster-prevention buildings has also been correspondingly raised.