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通过对黄土高原典型残塬“董志塬”主要粮食作物冬小麦和当家牧草紫花苜蓿、特色作物黄花菜耗水量、水分利用率及经济效益的对比分析,得出底墒较好的偏旱年份(有春旱),冬小麦耗水量最大,全生长季耗水量481mm,春季生长期耗水量312mm。紫花苜蓿经济效益最高,约为冬小麦和黄花菜经济效益的2.4～2.5倍,冬小麦和黄花菜经济效益比较接近;底墒较差的偏旱年份(有春旱),冬小麦耗水量接近紫花苜蓿,全生长季耗水量386mm,春季生长期耗水量210mm,但基本没有经济效益,而紫花苜蓿经济效益持续上升,黄花菜经济效益比较稳定。结论认为陇东塬区紫花苜蓿种植气候风险最小,经济效益较高,黄花菜次之,冬小麦种植气候风险最大,经济效益较差,播种面积应逐步压缩。
By comparing and analyzing the water consumption, water use efficiency and economic benefit of winter wheat and its main forage crops alfalfa and characteristic crop lily of typical residue plateau “Dongzhiyuan” of main loess plateau in the Loess Plateau, Spring drought), the largest winter wheat water consumption, water consumption throughout the growing season 481mm, water consumption in spring growing season 312mm. The economic benefit of alfalfa was the highest, which was about 2.4-2.5 times that of winter wheat and lily, and the economic benefits of winter wheat and day lily were close. In the drought years with less soil moisture (with spring drought), the water consumption of winter wheat was close to that of alfalfa Water consumption in the growing season was 386mm, water consumption in the spring growing season was 210mm, but basically no economic benefits, while the economic benefits of alfalfa continued to rise, the economic benefits of lily more stable. The conclusion is that alfalfa has the lowest climate risk and higher economic benefits in longevity area, followed by daylily. The winter wheat has the highest climate risk and poor economic benefits, and the sown area should be gradually reduced.