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在高三的化学教材中讲到元素的化学性质与原子结构的关系时,只谈到得失电子的难易是决定于该元素的原子最外层电子的数目,我认为这样是不够完善的。如能使学生对元素的原子(或离子)半径有所认识,了解原子(或离子)半径的大小和核电荷以及电子层数的关系,了解电子得失的难易还取决于原子(或离子)半径的大小,这就有助于他们深入的掌握化学知识。增加这部分内容是不会增加学生的负担的,我们只引导他们考虑,如几种元素的原子具有相同数目的电子层,核电荷较大的,则由于静电引力的缘故,它对核外电子的引力必较大,最外电子层的电子当然也被吸引,因此,原子
When I talked about the chemistry of elements in the chemistry textbooks of the third year, I only talked about the difficulty of gaining and losing electrons, which is determined by the number of the outermost electrons of atoms in the element. I think this is not perfect. If you enable students to understand the atomic (or ionic) radius of an element and understand the relationship between atomic (or ionic) radius and nuclear charge and the number of electron layers, knowing how easy it is to gain or lose electrons depends on the atomic (or ionic) The size of the radius, which helps them to master the chemical knowledge. We will only guide them to consider increasing the content of this part. For example, if the atoms of several elements have the same number of electron layers and the nuclear charge is larger, then because of the electrostatic attraction, The gravitational force will be larger, the electrons in the outermost electron layer will of course also be attracted. Therefore, atoms