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中央官署是传统中国权力体系的核心环节,其有效运行与否对中央集权制国家政权的存续具有至关重要的意义。有秦以来,中国传统中央官署就由皇权集团和官僚集团两大权力集团构成,并且在两千余年的政治运行中极具特色。概言之,中国传统中央官署制度及其变革的总特征是:它是一种皇权评价标准下的改革,这种变革具有一定的人身依附和从属关系,以不影响权力的单向传递为原则,以对上负责为基本要义,预设作为最高决策权的元权力是变革的基本动力且其本身是不受监督的,强调自上而下的变法改制。这种传统作为民族文化沉淀下来,影响了近代中国制度变迁的走向。
The Central Government Department is the core link of the traditional Chinese power system. Its effective operation is of crucial importance to the survival of the centralized state power. Since the Qin Dynasty, the traditional Chinese Central Government Department has been composed of two powerful groups of imperial powers and bureaucratic powers, and has been featured in more than two thousand years of political operation. To summarize, the general characteristic of China’s traditional central government office system and its changes is that it is a reform under the imperial power evaluation standard, which has certain personal attachment and affiliation with the principle of not affecting the one-way transfer of power , Taking charge as the basic meaning, the meta-power presupposed as the highest decision-making power is the basic driving force of change and is not supervised by itself, and emphasizes top-down restructuring. This tradition precipitated as a national culture, affecting the trend of institutional change in modern China.