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我国居民消费结构升级既面临生产力水平提高、居民收入提高、城市化进程加快、产业结构优化的历史机遇,又要应对居民消费率偏低、居民收入差距扩大、消费环境不佳的挑战。未来一段时间,我国居民消费结构升级将呈现“三维度趋同”特征:一是城乡趋同,农村居民恩格尔系数下降速度快于城镇居民;二是区域趋同,既表现为东北、中部和西部地区与东部地区恩格尔系数的差距持续缩小,也表现为省际恩格尔系数差距缩小;三是中美趋同,中国居民恩格尔系数的下降速度远远快于美国。我国需要进一步加快转变经济发展方式,建立以消费,特别是绿色消费为主导的经济发展模式,推动需求结构的不断转变,促进居民消费结构升级。
The upgrading of China’s household consumption structure not only faces the historic opportunity of raising the level of productive forces, increasing the income of residents, accelerating the urbanization process and optimizing the industrial structure, but also meets the challenge of low household consumption rate, widening income gap and poor consumption environment. In the future, the upgrading of China’s household consumption structure will be characterized by the convergence of urban and rural areas. The Engel coefficient of rural residents will decline more rapidly than that of urban residents. Second, regional convergence will be manifested both in the northeast, central and western regions The gap between the Engel coefficient and the Engel coefficient in the eastern region continued to decrease, and the gap between the Engel’s coefficient in the province was also narrowed. Third, the convergence between China and the United States showed that the Engel’s coefficient of Chinese residents declined much faster than that of the United States. China needs to further accelerate the transformation of its economic development mode, establish an economic development model that is dominated by consumption, especially green consumption, promote the continuous transformation of the demand structure and promote the upgrading of the consumption structure of the residents.