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2007～2009年在河北省中国农业大学吴桥实验站进行两年的田间定位试验,试验设3个种植模式,分别为冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟常规模式、春玉米一熟优化管理模式和冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米两年三熟优化管理模式,探讨在华北地区通过调整种植模式的途径实现农业节水减氮的潜力。结果表明,冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟常规模式(对照)具有显著产量优势,但水分利用率和氮肥利用率均较低,水氮浪费较为严重,不利于华北平原地区农业的可持续发展;与对照相比,春玉米一熟模式水氮消耗量最小,水氮利用率均显著提高,具有良好的环境效应,但其产量降低较多,不适宜在生产中单独推广;两年三熟模式两年总灌溉用水量降低了63%,氮肥用量降低了75%,产量降低了21%,节水减氮效果明显,水氮利用效率显著提高,该模式进一步完善后可适当推广。
Two years of field experiment were conducted at Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University in Hebei Province from 2007 to 2009. Three planting patterns were set up, namely the two-year regular pattern of winter wheat-summer maize, the optimized management pattern of first-maturity spring maize and winter wheat - Summer maize - Three years of spring maize optimum management model to explore in North China through the adjustment of planting patterns to realize the agriculture water saving and nitrogen potential. The results showed that the conventional mode (control) of double ripening of winter wheat and summer maize had significant yield superiority, but both water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were low, water and nitrogen were wasted more seriously, which was detrimental to the sustainable development of agriculture in North China Plain. Compared with the control, the spring maize-one-ripe mode had the least water and nitrogen consumption, the water and nitrogen utilization rate increased significantly, and had good environmental effects, but its yield decreased more and was not suitable for promotion in production alone. In the two years, total irrigation water consumption decreased by 63%, nitrogen fertilizer consumption by 75% and output by 21%, water saving and nitrogen reduction was obvious, water and nitrogen use efficiency increased significantly, and the model could be further popularized.