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目的了解江西铁路沿线分散式供水水质和卫生状况,分析影响因素,为进一步提高沿线生活饮用水质量提供依据。方法按照GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》进行样品采集和检测,样品覆盖江西铁路沿线155个分散式给水点,采样于枯水期和丰水期进行。结果 155件水样中,合格81件,总体合格率52.25%。2010—2013年水质合格率分别为48.27%、52.94%、53.57%、52.78%,各年度水质合格率差异无统计学意义。枯水期水质合格率为48.00%,丰水期水质合格率为53.07%,两者差异无统计学意义。所检项目中超标的有6项,分别为菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌、浑浊度、铁、锰,超标率分别为45.16%、25.81%、14.83%、7.74%、3.22%、1.93%。不同水源种类水质合格率差异有统计学意义,深井水的合格率比浅井水的高。不同管理单位水质合格率差异有统计学意义,供电段水质合格率最高,其次是车务段,工务段最低。结论江西铁路沿线分散式供水水质合格率不高,主要原因为菌落总数、总大肠菌群等微生物指标超标,应加强水井的消毒工作,对破损的水井防护设施及时修复,加大老线的改水工作,同时做好不直接饮用生水的宣传。
Objective To understand the decentralized water quality and sanitation status along Jiangxi Railway, analyze the influencing factors and provide the basis for further improving the quality of drinking water along the line. Methods The samples were collected and tested according to GB / T 5750-2006 Test Method for Sanitary Standard of Domestic Drinking Water. The samples covered 155 distributed water supply points along the Jiangxi Railway. Samples were taken during the dry and wet periods. Results 155 water samples, qualified 81, the overall pass rate of 52.25%. The qualified rate of water quality in 2010-2013 was 48.27%, 52.94%, 53.57% and 52.78% respectively. There was no significant difference in the passing rate of water quality in each year. The passing rate of water quality in dry season was 48.00%, and the passing rate of water quality in wet season was 53.07%. There was no significant difference between the two. There were 6 items exceeding the standard in the seized items, which were 45.16%, 25.81%, 14.83%, 7.74% and 3.22% of the total number of colony, total coliforms, heat-resistant coliform, turbidity, , 1.93%. The difference of qualified rate of water quality among different water sources was statistically significant, and the passing rate of deep well water was higher than that of shallow water. The difference of qualified rate of water quality among different management units was statistically significant, the qualified rate of water quality of the power supply section was the highest, followed by the vehicle service section and the lowest of the public utility section. Conclusion The qualified rate of decentralized water supply along the railway in Jiangxi is not high. The main reason is that the total number of colonies and the total coliform bacteria exceed the standard. The disinfection work of water wells should be strengthened. The damaged protective facilities of water wells should be promptly repaired, Water work, at the same time do a good job not to drink raw water directly to the publicity.