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新的土壤生态学是系统论的土壤学,是在发生学土壤学基础上的新发展。系统论土壤学认为,土壤是一个系统,一般所指的成土因素的很大部分应当纳入系统的组成分。系统论土壤学所指的土壤环境条件是指那些非往返单向交通的因素,主要是人为条件,但人既是环境因素,也是土壤系统的一个组成分。所以新科学完全改变了传统的发生学土壤学对土壤自然体和成土因素的看法。系统论土壤学认为,土壤系统并没有物理边界,只有概念上的边界。土壤系统延伸的界面,就是和土体部分(A+B层)发生频繁的物质能量交换的那一个空间部分。高等绿色植物才是土壤系统的主要生产者,不能限于藻类。系统论土壤学认为土壤系统在整体水平上的结构是一种层状结构,是系统不同组分间排列的空间几何学构造,是系统中物质和能量转化的途径。能量和物质转化的效率就是系统的功能,它是不能用传统的研究方法如土壤的物理化学分析来说明的。所以对土壤肥力的理解不仅是土壤理化生物性质的综合表现,而是环境,植物生长和土壤性质等多方面的综合作用。系统论土壤学认为土壤系统不论在整体和亚系统水平上的结构,本质上都是一种耗散结构,是要求补充能量才能维持结构状态的,所以系统论土壤学主要是研究土壤系统中物质和能量转移和转化的规律,对成土因素的研究也从传统的要素分析转变为从整体性立场出发的系统分析。研究立场的转变,最主要的是把土壤看做是一个系统,从而可以把系统论土壤学定义为“研究土壤生态系统组成、结构、功能及其演变规律和最佳控制途径的科学”。系统论土壤学认为天然土壤系统的稳定性是藉系统的自动调节机制保持的,但人工土壤系统因反生态过程提高了系统的振荡性,从而形成了它的内在缺陷。因为结构是功能的框架,所以改造不合理的系统结构,是提高土壤系统功能的关键。系统论土壤学主要从信息方面来研究系统的控制,通过建立模型对系统进行反馈调节。作者根据人口压力这个信息,提出了一个C.M.C.体制的模型,并对传统的农业评比政策提出了异议。
The new soil ecology is system-based soil science, which is a new development based on the generative pedology. Systematic soil science believes that soil is a system and that a large portion of the soil-forming factor generally referred to should be included in the system’s components. Systematic soil science refers to the soil environmental conditions refers to those who do not return one-way traffic factors, mainly human conditions, but people are both environmental factors, but also a component of the soil system. So the new science completely changed the view of traditional generative pedology on the natural body of soil and the factor of soil formation. Systematic soil science believes that soil systems do not have physical boundaries but conceptual boundaries. The extended interface of the soil system is the part of the space where the physical energy exchange with the soil body (layer A + B) occurs frequently. Higher green plants are the major producers of soil systems and can not be limited to algae. System theory Soil science considers the soil system as a layered structure at the overall level, which is a space geometry structure arranged between different components of the system and is a way of material and energy transformation in the system. The efficiency of energy and material transformation is the function of the system. It can not be explained by the traditional research methods such as soil physicochemical analysis. Therefore, the understanding of soil fertility is not only the comprehensive performance of soil physical and chemical biological properties, but the comprehensive effects of environment, plant growth and soil properties. Systematic soil science considers that the soil system is essentially a dissipative structure at both the global and sub-system levels and requires additional energy to maintain the state of the structure. Therefore, systematic theory of soil science is mainly concerned with the study of soil systems And the laws of energy transfer and transformation, the research on the factor of earth formation also changed from the traditional factor analysis to the systematic analysis from the holistic standpoint. The most important thing is to consider soil as a system so that the theory of soil science can be defined as “science that studies the composition, structure, function, evolution and optimal control of soil ecosystems.” Systemic soil science holds that the stability of natural soil systems is maintained by the system’s automatic regulation mechanism. However, the artificial soil system has increased its system oscillation due to the anti-ecological processes, thus forming its inherent defects. Because structure is a functional framework, transforming unreasonable system structures is the key to improving soil system function. System theory Soil science mainly studies the control of the system from the aspect of information, and adjusts the system by establishing the model. Based on the information of population pressure, the author proposes a model of C.M.C. system and challenges the traditional agricultural appraisal policy.