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在4个典型生态粳稻区,以广适性的5个品种为材料,研究氮肥对不同稻区产量影响,并分析氮肥利用率及其不同稻区施氮效果的差异。结果表明:氮肥施用显著提高不同稻区产量,施氮增产率及其贡献率大小顺序为温暖粳稻区>寒冷粳稻区>籼粳交错区>冷凉粳稻区,寒冷粳稻区产量提高主要是有效穗数和千粒重的增加,而其它3个稻区产量的提高主要是有效穗数和每穗粒数的增加所致。生产等量的稻谷氮肥需要量的大小顺序为寒冷粳稻区>冷凉粳稻区>籼粳交错区>温暖粳稻区。不同稻区对氮肥的利用效率存在差异,氮肥农学利用率大小顺序为温暖粳稻区>籼粳交错区>冷凉粳稻区>寒冷粳稻区,氮肥吸收利用率大小顺序为籼粳交错区>温暖粳稻区>冷凉粳稻区>寒冷粳稻区,4个稻作区的土壤氮素贡献率在61.10%~66.09%之间,说明各稻作区吸收的氮肥主要来自土壤,通过培肥地力,维持较高的地力水平对稻谷的超高产、高效具有重要意义。
In four typical ecological japonica rice regions, five varieties with wide adaptability were used to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield of different rice regions, and the differences of nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen application efficiency in different rice regions were analyzed. The results showed that: nitrogen application significantly increased the yield of different rice areas, the rate of increase of nitrogen fertilizer and the order of its contribution rate were: warm japonica rice> cold japonica rice> indica-japonica ecotone> cold-cool japonica rice and cold japonica rice. Number and 1000-grain weight increase, while the other three areas of rice yield increase is mainly due to the effective panicles and grains per spike. The order of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needed to produce the same amount of rice was in the order of cold japonica rice area> cold rice area> indica - japonica cross area> warm japonica rice area. The nitrogen use efficiency of different rice regions varied, and the order of nitrogen use efficiency was warm japonica rice> indica + japonica rice> cool rice japonica rice> cold japonica rice. The order of nitrogen absorption and utilization rate was japonica-japonica crosses> warm japonica rice Area> cold and cool rice area> cold rice area, the contribution rate of soil nitrogen in four paddy areas was between 61.10% and 66.09%, indicating that the nitrogen fertilizer absorbed by paddy areas was mainly from soil, The high level of soil fertility is of great importance to the super high yield and high efficiency of rice.