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[目的]研究南方植烟土壤钾肥种类和稻草覆盖对植烟土壤盐分表聚的影响。[方法]以烤烟云烟87为试验材料,采用不同钾肥种类和覆盖栽培方法,对植烟稻田土壤盐分表聚及对烤烟生长发育的影响进行研究。[结果]烤烟各生育期表层土壤盐分离子均以K+、Ca2+、SO42-和NO3-为主,旺长期Na+和Mg2+含量也较高,说明这几种离子容易在土壤表层积累,绝对量增加K+>SO42->NO3->Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+>Cl-;相对量增加Ca2+>K+>Na+>NO3->SO42->Mg2+>Cl-;表层土壤总盐含量,移栽60d后处理2最低,为359.1mg/kg,处理5(对照)最高为536.1mg/kg,且显著高于其余处理;移栽90d后,各处理间无显著差异;收获期处理1为3278.4mg/kg,显著高其余处理;各处理表层土壤pH在3个不同时期都相差不大,数值在5.39~5.59之间;稻草覆盖能适量降低土壤表层盐分含量,加速烤烟旺长,使旺长期缩短,同时使株高增高,叶片数增加,叶面积增大,旺长期根系活力加强,根体积增大,但产量和产值较低,各处理间主要农艺性状和产量无显著差异,产值处理3最高为24196.8元/hm2,显著高于其余处理。[结论]合理的钾肥种类及其配比和稻草覆盖,由于有效降低了植烟稻田土壤总盐含量,提高了土壤中K+、Ca2+、SO42-和NO3-的有效供给量,进而促进并提高了烟草根系活力,有利于烟草的生长发育,最终可提高烟叶的产质量和经济效益。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of potash fertilizer and straw mulching on salt accumulation in tobacco-growing soil in southern China. [Method] With flue - cured tobacco Yunyan 87 as test material, different types of potash fertilizer and cover cultivation methods were used to study the influence of surface salt accumulation and its effect on growth and development of flue - cured tobacco. [Result] The contents of K +, Ca2 +, SO42- and NO3- in the surface soils were the highest in the flue-cured tobacco and the contents of Na + and Mg2 + in the flourishing stage were also higher, indicating that these ions were easy to accumulate in the soil surface and the K + > SO42-> NO3-> Ca2 +> Mg2 +> Na +> Cl-; the relative amount of Ca2 +> K +> Na +> NO3-> SO42-> Mg2 +> Cl-; Was 359.1 mg / kg, and the highest value of treatment 5 (control) was 536.1 mg / kg, which was significantly higher than that of the other treatments. There was no significant difference between the treatments after transplanting for 90 days and 3278.4 mg / kg The soil pH value of the topsoil was no significant difference in three different periods, with the values ranging from 5.39 to 5.59. The straw mulch could reduce the salt content of the soil surface moderately, accelerate the growth of the flue-cured tobacco, shorten the growth period and prolong the plant height , The number of leaves increased, the leaf area increased, the vigor of root vigor increased in the long term, and the root volume increased, but the yield and output value were lower. There was no significant difference in the main agronomic characters and yield between the treatments. The highest value of output value 3 was 24196.8 yuan / hm2, Significantly higher than the rest of the treatment. [Conclusion] The reasonable types and proportion of potash fertilizer and rice straw coverage could effectively increase the content of total K +, Ca2 +, SO42- and NO3- in the soil due to the effective reduction of the total salt content in the paddy soil, Root activity of tobacco is conducive to the growth and development of tobacco, tobacco production and quality can eventually increase and economic benefits.