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石油和天然气资源是一国经济发展的重要驱动力,但许多重要产油国优异的资源禀赋并没有有效地促进本国经济增长,背后原因值得探讨。本文以1980—2014年间全球重要产油国的经济增长差异为研究对象,在Sachs和Warner框架的基础上,对产油国经济增长水平与油气资源丰裕度之间的相关性进行了分析。研究表明,产油国经济增长与油气资源丰裕度之间具有显著的负相关性,即使在加入开放度、投资、贸易条件、人力资本、制度等因素后,负相关性依然存在,产油国“资源诅咒”命题确实成立。在此基础上,本文对丰富的油气资源阻滞经济增长的传导机制进行了分析,结果验证了“荷兰病”效应、人力资本积累不足、制度质量弱化都是产油国油气资源阻滞经济增长的作用渠道,其中又以人力资本积累不足影响最大。
Oil and gas resources are important drivers of a country’s economic development. However, the outstanding resource endowments of many major oil-producing countries do not effectively promote their own economic growth. The reasons behind this are worth discussing. Based on the framework of Sachs and Warner, this paper analyzes the correlation between the level of economic growth and oil and gas abundance in oil-producing countries. The research shows that there is a significant negative correlation between the economic growth of oil-producing countries and the abundance of oil and gas resources. Even with the addition of openness, investment, terms of trade, human capital, and institutional factors, the negative correlation still exists. The oil-producing countries “Resource curse ” proposition indeed established. On this basis, the paper analyzes the transmission mechanism of abundant oil and gas resources that retard the economic growth. The results verify that the “Dutch disease” effect, the insufficient accumulation of human capital, and the weakening of the system quality are all the impediments to the oil and gas resources in oil-producing countries The role of economic growth channels, of which the accumulation of human capital has the greatest impact.