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振动问题是直升机设计中的难题 ,会导致机体结构疲劳、舒适性降低和高噪声等问题。通常的单桨叶控制方案由于受压电驱动器机电性能的限制而难以实现。智能弹簧是一种采用单桨叶控制原理的主动调谐式吸振器 ,它通过压电驱动器自适应控制桨叶根部的结构阻抗 ,达到振动控制目的。建立了智能弹簧的简化模型 ,对其谐波响应控制特性进行研究 ;采用频率分析和数字信号合成技术产生参考信号 ,在 DSP平台上设计自适应陷波算法对智能弹簧驱动器组件进行控制 ;模拟和风洞实验结果均表明智能弹簧能够在较宽频率范围内对桨叶的谐波响应进行有效控制 ,验证了通过主动阻抗控制实现直升机桨叶振动控制的可行性。
Vibration problem is a difficult problem in helicopter design, which will lead to fatigue of body structure, reduced comfort and high noise. The common single-blade control scheme is difficult to achieve due to the limited mechanical and electrical performance of piezoelectric actuators. Smart spring is a kind of active tuning vibration absorber which adopts the principle of single-blade control. It achieves the purpose of vibration control by adaptively controlling the structural impedances of blade root by piezoelectric actuator. A simplified model of the smart spring is established to study the control characteristics of the harmonic response. The reference signal is generated by frequency analysis and digital signal synthesis. An adaptive notch algorithm is designed on the DSP platform to control the intelligent spring driver. The simulation and Wind tunnel test results show that the intelligent spring can effectively control the blade’s harmonic response over a wide range of frequencies, which verifies the feasibility of the helicopter blade vibration control through active impedance control.