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目的探讨不同过敏体质母亲母乳中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)和免疫因子的改变,同时分析体内多不饱和脂肪酸组成对免疫因子的影响。方法随机选取符合标准的80例母亲进入课题,产后2周和4周收集母乳,问卷调查母亲过敏史。采用高效毛细气相色谱分析技术检测母乳中脂肪酸浓度,分别采用酶联免疫吸附法和BioPlex悬液芯片技术测定母乳中免疫因子sCD14(soluble CD14)、IgE和IL-1β(interleukin-1β)、Eotaxin浓度。结果过敏性皮炎母亲2周母乳ALA(α-linolenic acid,ALA)和n-6PUFAs代谢系数(n-6LCPUFAs/LA)低于非过敏母亲,2周和4周母乳中LA/ALA(linoleic acid,LA)均高于非过敏母亲(P<0.05)。过敏性鼻炎母亲2周母乳ALA、EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)、DHA(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)含量均低于非过敏母亲(P<0.05)。无论过敏母亲还是非过敏母亲,母乳中多种n-3PUFAs(ALA、EPA、C20:3n-3)与sCD14呈正相关,与IgE负相关(P<0.05);母乳中多种n-6PUFAs(C18:3n-6,C20:3n-6,C22:2n-6)与sCD14呈负相关,与Eotaxin和IL-1β正相关(P<0.05)。结论不同过敏体质母亲与非过敏母亲母乳多不饱和脂肪酸组成存在差异;体内多不饱和脂肪酸组成对免疫因子的分泌具有重要影响。
Objective To investigate the changes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and immune factors in breast milk of different allergic mothers and analyze the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acid composition on immune factors in vivo. Methods A total of 80 mothers who met the criteria were enrolled in the study. Breast milk was collected at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postpartum, and maternal allergy was investigated by questionnaire. The concentration of fatty acids in breast milk was determined by high performance capillary gas chromatography. The levels of soluble CD14, IgE and IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and Eotaxin in breast milk were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and BioPlex suspension chip respectively. . Results The ALA (alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) and n-6PUFAs metabolism index (n-6LCPUFAs / LA) in mothers with allergic dermatitis were significantly lower than those in non-allergic mothers at 2 weeks and 4 weeks LA) were higher than non-allergic mothers (P <0.05). The content of ALA, EPA and DHA in the two weeks breast milk of allergic rhinitis mothers were all lower than those of non-allergic mothers (P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between n-3PUFAs (ALA, EPA, C20: 3n-3) and sEg14 and negatively correlated with IgE in breast milk (P <0.05) : 3n-6, C20: 3n-6, C22: 2n-6) were negatively correlated with sCD14 and positively correlated with Eotaxin and IL-1β (P <0.05). Conclusions The composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk of different allergy mothers and non-allergic mothers is different. The composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo has an important influence on the secretion of immune factors.