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目的:研究深圳市出生缺陷的发生状况及相关危险因素,为减少出生缺陷制定预防保健措施提供依据。方法:按深圳市统一的监测方案,对2008～2009年深圳市所有医院孕20周～产后7天分娩的围产儿(包括活产、死胎、死产、引产及产后7天内死亡)进行出生缺陷监测。结果:289 031例围产儿中出生缺陷发生率为16.52‰(4 924/298 031),活产畸形率为13.84‰(4 125/298 031),缺陷发生在流动人口中的比例为69.42%(3 418/4 924)。产母文化程度低、年龄﹥35岁组发病率分别为20.34‰、20.41‰,高于其他年龄组,经检验P<0.025,差异有统计学意义。足月分娩的缺陷率为71.45%(3 518/4924),先天性心脏病+重大体表缺陷发生率为9.95‰(2 967/298 031),占缺陷的60.25%(2 967/4 924),缺陷儿存活占83.77%(4 125/4 924)。结论:非单一的体表检查缺陷发生率高。28周前的产前诊断仍需重点加强。普及孕期健康教育,开展孕前保健服务,选择最佳生育年龄妊娠、分娩,是预防出生缺陷发生的关键。
Objective: To study the incidence of birth defects and related risk factors in Shenzhen and to provide basis for the prevention of birth defects. Methods: According to the unified monitoring plan of Shenzhen, birth defects (including live births, stillbirths, induced labor, and death within 7 days after delivery) were performed on all infants born from 2008 to 2009 in Shenzhen hospitals from 20 weeks to 7 days after delivery monitor. Results: The incidence of birth defects in 289 031 perinatal children was 16.52 ‰ (4924/298 031) and the live birth deformity rate was 13.84 ‰ (4 125/298 031). The proportion of defects in floating population was 69.42% ( 3 418/4 924). Low birth rate of maternal age, age> 35 years old group were 20.34 ‰, 20.41 ‰, higher than the other age groups, the test P <0.025, the difference was statistically significant. The rate of birth defects in term delivery was 71.45% (3 518/4924). The incidence of congenital heart disease + major surface defects was 9.95 ‰ (2967/298 031), accounting for 60.25% (2 967/4 924) , Defective children survived 83.77% (4 125/4 924). Conclusion: The non-single body surface defect inspection rate is high. Prenatal diagnosis 28 weeks still need to focus on strengthening. Universal health education during pregnancy, to carry out pre-pregnancy health services, choose the best gestational age of pregnancy, childbirth, is the key to preventing birth defects.