论文部分内容阅读
《集韵》改动《广韵》反切上字的反切有2287个,本文透视和分析这些改动的反切上字的洪细信息,讨论了六个问题。(一)《集韵》改良反切的类型和考察反切上字分佈特点的方法。(二)《集韵》除来母外,一二四等反切上字跟三等反切上字已经没有分组的趋势,唇牙喉音反切上字的分组格局最为明显,一等、二等、普通三等和重纽三等是一类,重纽四等和纯四等是一类,唇牙喉音的一二等反切上字有细音化的倾向,主要是开口牙喉音一二等细音化很明显,这是一个新的特点。(三)《集韵》重三介音和普三介音同类,都是j,重四介音和四等介音同类,都是i,界限分明。《集韵》的三四等介音格局,继承了慧琳《一切经音义》的三四等介音格局。(四)《集韵》牙喉音开口一二等字的介音细音化,跟普三和重三的介音同类,是j。这是因为,《集韵》牙喉音开口二等韵和牙喉音开口一等韵里的反切上字,绝大多数是普通开口三等字、重纽开口三等字或跟普通开口三等上字同类的开口一二等字。《集韵》开口二等牙喉音带有介音j,并不妨碍解释同韵二三等小韵的对立现象。(五)跟《切韵》(《广韵》)相比,《集韵》的介音格局发生了很大变化,突出地表现在三四等介音两分,重三介音跟普三介音同类,重四介音跟纯四等介音同类,开口一二等牙喉音(匣母字和上字是合口一等字的少数反切除外)有介音j。可以肯定地说,《集韵》的介音系统反映了北宋当时的实际语音。(六)《集韵》的介音特点说明了什么?指出《集韵》反切上字审音所依据的北宋读书音,介音系统跟《广韵》大不相同,跟《广韵》的介音没有传承关系。《切韵》所代表的六朝以来的標准音,到了《集韵》,已经发生了变化。这个变化了的书面语標准音,成为《集韵》审音定韵的重要依据。
There are 2287 anti-tangent cuts of “Guangyun” in “Jianyun”, and the paper analyzes and analyzes the floodback information of these changes, and discusses six issues. (A) “Ji Yun” to improve the type of anti-cut and examine the method of characterization of the word on the inverse cut. (B) “Ji Yun” In addition to the mother, one two four and other anti-cut on the word with the third-class anti-cut on the word has no grouping trend, lips and teeth throat tone on the characters of the group pattern is most obvious, first-class, Ordinary third and heavy third class is a class, such as heavy four and fourth class and pure four is a class, the first and second lips and other anti-incision on the word fine slender tendencies, mainly open teeth throat one or two It is obviously a new feature to wait for fine sounding. (C) “Ji Yun” heavy three-tone and three-pronounciation similar, are j, heavy four-tone and fourth-generation voice of similar, are i, clear-cut. “Ji Yun” three or four and other intermedia pattern, inherited Huilin “all through sound and meaning” of the three or four and other intermedia pattern. (D) “rhyme,” the opening of the throat sounds of one or two words, such as the sound of fine sounding, with Pu and triple the same type of sound, is j. This is because, “Ji Yun” throat sounds second mouth rhyme and teeth throat openings in the first rhyme of anti-cut on the word, the vast majority of ordinary openings three words, Such words on the opening of one or two words of the same type. “Ji Yun” opening second-degree throat voice with j, does not prevent the interpretation of rhyme with the second and third rhyme of the opposite phenomenon. (V) Compared with “Cut Rhyme” (“Guang Yun”), the tone pattern of “Ji Yun” has undergone great changes, prominently manifested in the third and fourth quarters and other two-pronounciation, Voice similar, heavy four-tone with the pure fourth-generation voice of the same type, opening one or two other throat sounds (box mother word and the word is a combination of words and other words except a few anti-cut) j. To be sure, the sound system of “Ji Yun” reflects the actual voice of the Northern Song Dynasty. (6) What are the characteristics of the interrogation of “Ji Yun”? What is the difference between “Guang Yun” and “Guang Yun” There is no inheritance relationship between sound. The standard tone represented by “Qie Yun” since the Six Dynasties has changed to “Ji Yun”. This changed standard tone of written language has become an important basis for the “rhyme” rhyming tone rhyme.