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辛亥革命前后,中国传统民族主义思想逐渐为西方近代民族主义思想所替代,近代中国人的民族观念出现显著变化,特别是从日本舶来的西方民族思想对中国人的民族观念影响尤为巨大。不过,近代日本人对西方民族观念的解释本身就存在一个变异的过程,受此影响,这一时期中国人的民族观念也有很大的差异,且大致体现为三种不同的民族主义话语。而其时国人对“种族”、“国民”与“民族”等词语的理解与运用,不仅反映了不同民族主义话语之中的民族观念与政治内涵,还展示了国人的民族观念从狭义到广义的逐步递进过程。最终,“中华民族”观念提出并得到广泛传播,同时从民族认同上完成了对一个由民族共同体组成的民族国家之中国的确认。
Before and after the Revolution of 1911, the traditional Chinese nationalism was gradually replaced by modern Western nationalism. The concept of nationality in modern China changed dramatically. Especially the Western national thoughts from Japan had a tremendous impact on the Chinese nation. However, in modern times, the interpretation of the concept of western nation has its own variation process. Under the influence of this, the Chinese people’s concept of nation has also been greatly different during this period, which is roughly reflected in three different nationalist discourses. At the same time, the understanding and application of such terms as “race”, “nationality” and “” nationality not only reflect the national concepts and political connotations among different nationalist discourses, but also show the people’s The concept of nationality from narrow to broad sense of gradual progress. In the end, the concept of “the Chinese nation” was put forward and widely disseminated. At the same time, the recognition of China, a nation-state composed of ethnic communities, was completed from the perspective of national identity.