历史和编年史(节选)

• 作 者: 克罗齐
• 出 处: 中学历史教学
• 发表日期: 2005年09期
• 关键词: 混合体 外界事物 个别化 理解历史 侃侃而言 文艺复兴时代 历史存在 自我决定

离开活生生文献的历史,就变成了编年记录,它再也不是一个精神的行动,而是一件事物、一个声音或其它符号的混合体。但文献也是一样,当它离开了生活,就只是一件事物,并和其它事物一样,是一个声音或其它符号的混合体。如那些曾经用来传达某条法律的声音和文字,或如那些刻在一块大理石上的线条,它们用上帝的形象来表达一种宗教的情绪;再如一堆骨头,它们曾经同时表达过某个人或者一头野兽。

The history of leaving living literature becomes chronicle. It is no longer a spiritual action but a mixture of things, a voice, or other symbols. But the same is true of the literature. When it left life, it was just a thing. Like other things, it was a mixture of sounds or other symbols. Such as those voices and words that have been used to convey a law, or lines that are engraved on a piece of marble, they use the image of God to express a religious emotion; like a pile of bones, they used to express someone at the same time. Or a beast.