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食用菌生产中,培养料(以下简称料)最适含水量的调配是很重要的。正如种田有句俗话:“收多收少在于肥,有收无收在于水”。以往对某种料最适含水量的确定,一是用手捏试凭经验加水;二是按书本提供的数据硬套,鉴于不同的人手力不同,且同一种类料因产地、储存和处理方法不同,其基础含水量也不同,这就需要因地制宜地去掌握它。因此寻找一种准确而简便的确定控水方法是很必要的。简单地说,料分固体和空隙两部分,空隙中有水和气,组成固、水、气三相。空隙的多少由孔度表示,料孔度指接种时(进入栽培状态)料中空隙体积占料体积的百分比。孔度可由容重和密度计算出。料容重指接种时单位体积料的干重;料密度指单位体积料固体部分的重量。孔度=1-容重/密度。孔度又分水孔度和气孔度,分别指料空隙中水和气的体积占料体积的百分比。
Edible fungus production, culture material (hereinafter referred to as the material) the optimal water content deployment is very important. Just as there is a saying in farming: “Income is more than income, income is confiscated.” In the past to determine the optimum moisture content of a material, first, with hands kneading test experience with water; second, according to the data provided by the book sets, in view of different manpower different, and the same type of material due to origin, storage and processing methods Different, its basic water content is also different, which requires local conditions to master it. Therefore, it is necessary to find an accurate and simple method to determine water control. Simply put, material sub-solid and void two parts, the gap in water and gas, composed of solid, water, gas three-phase. The number of voids is indicated by the degree of porosity, which refers to the percentage of void volume to material volume at the time of inoculation (into culture). Pore size can be calculated by bulk density and density. Refers to the gravitation refers to the weight of the unit volume when inoculated; the density of the material refers to the weight of the solid portion of the unit volume. Pore = 1 - Bulk density / density. Pore degree is also divided by water porosity and porosity, respectively, refers to the gap in the water and gas volume accounted for the percentage of the volume of the material.