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目的了解小型机动车驾驶员的健康状况。方法按照《职业健康监护管理办法》、GB18463-2001《机动车驾驶员身体条件及其评价要求》的规定,对2010年度进行的职业性小型机动车驾驶员即出租车司机568名(职业司机组)及非职业性小型机动车驾驶员(私家车司机)482名(非职业司机组)的职业健康检查结果进行分析统计,并与396名对照组工人进行比较。结果职业人群慢性胃炎、脂肪肝、高血压病、前列腺增生、妇科疾病、皮肤病及脊柱关节疾病的发病率明显高于对照组,其中最多见的慢性胃病、脂肪肝及高血压病3种疾病,患病率分别达到32.0%、29.0%、18.0%,且随着工龄的增长,患病率有增高的趋势。非职业性司机组最多见的是脂肪肝及高血压病2种疾病,患病率也分别达到24.7%、16.2%。此类驾驶员既往病史中,心脑血管系统疾病占很大比重;近1/4的人员经常饮酒、吸烟;其血压、远视力、辨色力、心电图异常率明显高于对照组。结论小型机动车驾驶员健康状况不容乐观,特别是职业小型机动车驾驶员的健康教育工作需要加强。
Purpose To understand the health status of small motor vehicle drivers. Methods In accordance with the “Occupational Health Monitoring and Management Measures” and GB18463-2001 “Body Condition of Motor Vehicle Drivers and Their Evaluation Requirements”, 568 taxi drivers who are professional small motor vehicle drivers in 2010 (Professional Driver Team ) And 482 non-occupational motor vehicle drivers (private driver) Occupational Health Examination results were analyzed and compared with 396 control workers. Results The incidence of chronic gastritis, fatty liver, hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, gynecological diseases, dermatosis and spondyloarthropathy in occupational population was significantly higher than that in control group, the most common chronic gastritis, fatty liver and hypertensive disease , The prevalence rates reached 32.0%, 29.0% and 18.0%, respectively. With the increase of seniority, the prevalence tended to increase. The most common non-professional drivers are fatty liver and hypertension two kinds of diseases, the prevalence rate reached 24.7%, respectively, 16.2%. In the past medical history of such drivers, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases accounted for a large proportion; nearly a quarter of the staff often consumed alcohol and smoked; the abnormalities of blood pressure, distance vision, color discrimination and electrocardiogram were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion The health status of small motor vehicle drivers is not optimistic, especially the health education of professional small motor vehicle drivers needs to be strengthened.