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疫苗是控制传染病流行的最有效的手段之一。近年来在性病疫苗研究中有所突破,人乳头瘤病毒(Hu-man papillomavirus,HPV)感染的预防性疫苗研究获得了很大成功,已有2种HPV预防性疫苗上市。HPV四价疫苗可用于预防宫颈癌、肛门生殖器癌前病变及肛门生殖器疣,二价疫苗仅用于预防宫颈癌及癌前病变。生殖器疱疹的疫苗已经进入临床试验阶段,但是Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒(Herpes simplex virus type 2,HSV-2)糖蛋白D亚单位疫苗在三期临床试验中失败,无预防生殖器HSV-2感染的作用。其他性病诸如沙眼衣原体感染、淋病、梅毒、软下疳的疫苗研制仍处于实验室探索阶段。
Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to control the spread of infectious diseases. In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in the research of venereal disease vaccines. The preventive vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been greatly successful. Two types of HPV vaccines have been listed. The HPV tetravalent vaccine can be used to prevent cervical cancer, anogenital precancerous lesions and anal genital warts. The bivalent vaccine is only used to prevent cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. The genital herpes vaccine has entered clinical trials, but the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D subunit vaccine failed in phase III clinical trials and has no effect on preventing genital HSV-2 infection . Other STDs such as Chlamydia trachomatis infection, gonorrhea, syphilis, soft capsule development is still in the laboratory exploratory stage.