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与一般的国家间关系比较起来,1949年10月到1991年12月这43年间的中苏关系更为复杂,也更为特殊。其表现是国家关系、党际关系和领袖个人关系集于一体,国家利益与意识形态交织在一起,单纯从某个角度都难以解读得清楚。比如,中苏经济关系就不单纯是贸易往来、经济互助,而是在很大程度上带有浓厚的政治发展方向定位的色彩。20世纪后半期,苏联模式在中国经历了一个移植和强化的过程,伴随着这一过程,中苏关系经历了大起大落,中国社会发展也充满着曲折。
Compared with the relations between countries in general, the relations between China and the Soviet Union in the 43 years from October 1949 to December 1991 are more complicated and more special. Its performance is that the relations between the state, the inter-party relations and the personal relations of the leaders are integrated. The national interests and the ideology are intertwined and can not be clearly understood from a purely perspective. For example, the economic relations between China and the Soviet Union are not simply trade and economic mutual aid, but to a large extent, they are strongly colored with the orientation of political development. In the latter half of the 20th century, the Soviet model underwent a process of transplantation and strengthening in China. With this process, the Sino-Soviet relations have experienced ups and downs and China’s social development is also full of twists and turns.