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现代油气勘探中十分强调根据地震资料来确定地层圈闭的位置和测定象砂页岩比率这样的岩性信息。为了探索在这方面成功的可能性,我们研究了合成地震记录的波形和四种基本沉积模型波谱的特征:(1)表示一般河流成因沉积的互层砂页岩模型;(2)表示三角洲沉积的互层煤页岩模型;(3)表示滨线的海进海退的沉积模型;(4)底部砂层模型。结果表明,对于头两种模型,砂页岩或煤页岩比率的变化都会得到特征上完全不同的地震记录。然而,地震记录的性质大部分还取决于砂页岩或煤页岩层的排列,从而最终得到同一的总地层数,这就意味着同一的煤页岩或砂页岩的比率。海进、海退及底部砂层模型也产生特性完全不同的地震信号。这些地震记录的波谱显示了其特性的变化。然而似乎在实际资料被噪音所干扰以及有覆盖层影响的情况下,这些特征不可能始终很明显。
Modern oil and gas exploration places great emphasis on the determination of the location of the stratigraphic trap based on the seismic data and the determination of lithology information such as sand shale ratios. To explore the possibilities for success in this area, we studied the characteristics of the synthetic seismogram waveforms and the four basic sedimentary model spectra: (1) an intergranular shale model representing the general river-genesis; (2) (3) Sedimentary model of the seaward retreat of the coastline; (4) Bottom sand model. The results show that for the first two models, changes in sand shale or coal shale ratios result in a completely different characteristic seismogram. However, most of the nature of the seismograms also depends on the arrangement of the sand shale or coal shale so as to eventually result in the same total number of earth formations, which means the same ratio of coal shale or sand shale. Seabed, retreat and bottom sand models also produce seismic signals of completely different characteristics. The spectrum of these seismograms shows a change in their properties. However, it seems unlikely that these characteristics will always be apparent when the actual data is disturbed by noise and the influence of overburden.