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前轴是汽车转向桥的主体零件。为保证汽车稳定的直线行驶,使转向轮在偶遇外力作用发生偏转后,能立即回位,主销有后倾和内倾。因此,对前轴主销孔精度要求很高,如解放牌汽车前轴主销孔(图1)。目前,国内前轴主销孔加工,一般采用钻——扩——铰工艺,或采用钻——铰——拉工艺,以保证达到产品设计要求。钻孔仍然用普通高速钢(W18Cr4v)标准麻花钻,切削效率因受切削速度(v=15m/min)的限制而无法提高,钻头耐用度因受结构和材料影响也很低(t=20～30孔),特别是前轴调质硬度提高后(HB255～285),钻头耐用度将降低50%左右。
The front axle is the main part of the steering axle. In order to ensure the stable running of the car, the steering wheel can be returned immediately after the deflection of the external force occurs. The kingpin has a backward tilt and an inward tilt. Therefore, the front axle pin hole accuracy requirements, such as Jiefang card front axles pin hole (Figure 1). At present, the main front pin hole machining, the general use of drilling - expansion - hinge process, or the use of drilling - hinge - pull process to ensure that the product design requirements. Drilling is still using ordinary high-speed steel (W18Cr4v) standard twist drill, cutting efficiency due to the cutting speed (v = 15m / min) restrictions can not be improved, due to the durability of the drill bit due to the structure and material impact is very low (t = 30 holes), especially the front axle quenched and tempered hardness (HB255 ~ 285), bit durability will be reduced by about 50%.