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涉氚核设施在检修及退役时,其产生的氚化粒子容易被工作人员误吸入,并在呼吸系统的不同部位停留,部分尺寸较小的粒子可能在肺泡间质区(AI区)停留超过1年的时间。氚粒子通过β衰变释放电子,在释放电子的同时以及释放的电子与周围原子相互作用还会分别产生出内、外轫致辐射,这些都会对人体肺部组织造成辐射损伤。本文采用蒙特卡罗程序PENELOPE对多种氚化粒子在人体肺部组织中的吸收剂量进行了模拟计算,特别是讨论了氚β衰变的内轫致辐射的贡献。研究发现,电子辐射对人体肺泡产生的吸收剂量大于外、内轫致辐射,但后两者作用距离较长,对人体造成的影响重要;电子辐射吸收剂量随着粒子尺寸的增大以及金属原子序数的增大而减小;外轫致辐射吸收剂量随着粒子尺寸的增大而减小,随着金属原子序数的增大而增大;内轫致辐射吸收剂量随着粒子尺寸的增大以及金属原子序数的增大而减小。
Tritiated nuclear facilities involved in the repair and retirement of tritiated particles generated by workers prone to inhalation, and stay in different parts of the respiratory system, some of the smaller particles may stay in the alveolar stromal area (AI zone) more than 1 year time. Tritium particles release electrons through beta decay, and the interaction between the released electrons and the surrounding atoms will also produce internal and external stilbene radiation, which will cause radiation damage to the human lung tissue. In this paper, the Monte Carlo program PENELOPE was used to simulate the absorbed doses of various tritiated particles in the human lung tissue. In particular, the contribution of tritium β-decay endonuclease radiation was discussed. The study found that the radiation dose to the human alveoli is more than that from the ejaculation, but the longer the distance between the two is, the more important it is to the human body. The radiation dose increases with the increase of the particle size and the increase of the metal atom The number of external radiation absorbed dose decreases with the increase of particle size, and increases with the increase of metal atomic number; the radiation dose of internal radiation increases with the increase of particle size As well as the decrease of metal atomic number.