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隧道破坏形式最常见的是洞门处边坡的滑坍。为了防止这类破坏,洞门处开挖的边坡必须适当,并应有挡土的工程。还有,为了防止洞门被土壤落下时的冲击力所毁坏,至少在洞门以内的几米必须进行衬砌。但是,最好是采取措施使得洞门处不必进行大的挖方;即使由此可能要增加隧道的长度,洞门也不应过远地推进到一个山谷中去。仅仅把衬砌向隧道外面延伸几米以代替修建一个非常昂贵的洞门墙将是有效的。隧道内部由于地震造成不能修复的损坏
The most common type of tunnel damage is the sliding slope at the entrance of the tunnel door. In order to prevent such damage, the slope excavated at the entrance of the tunnel must be appropriate and there should be a project for retaining the earth. Also, in order to prevent the hole door from being destroyed by the impact force when the soil falls, at least a few meters within the hole must be lining. However, it is advisable to take measures so that there is no need for large excavation at the entrance of the tunnel; even if it is possible to increase the length of the tunnel, the portal should not be advanced too far into a valley. It would be effective to simply extend the lining a few meters outside the tunnel instead of building a very expensive tunnel door wall. Tunnel cannot be repaired due to earthquake