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标点符号是语言重要的组成部分，文字是灵魂，标点则是彰显灵魂的工具。在英语中，标点似乎不如在汉语中那样有着丰富的表意作用，所以常被学习者所忽视，结果导致出现语法错误。所以，在英语学习中，同样需要重视标点。在众多的标点符号中，逗号运用的频率极高，但也容易被忽视，对英语的学习产生极其不利的影响。基于此，我就逗号在英语学习中的作用作以简略总结。
英语的句子一般由“主+谓+（宾）”或”主+系+表”等构成。一个句子中，不会同时出现两个或两个以上的谓语动词，除非是and连接的两个或多个并列谓语。如：My teacher went into the classroom，put down the book and began to speak English to us。两个句子之间有逗号隔开时，它们之间存在下列几种情况：1）两句子之间有并列连词；2）两句子之间有从属连词；3）两句子之间无连词，其中一个肯定不是句子，而是一个成分。众所周知，由and/but/or等引导的两个句子是并列句。如：（1）He likes apples， but his sister likes pears.（2）The boy was angry with his mother， and he ran away from his home .但是，若在一个句子中，出现逗号，那麽，逗号前或后的部分即为这个句子的成分，该成分作状语或定语.如：（1）Crying，she went home.句中逗号前crying 即为she went home的伴随状语.（2）Li Ming came back from Africa，worried and tired。该句逗号后worried and tired即为 Li Ming came back from Africa的状语，表句子主语的状况。
了解了以上这些之后，我们就容易理解逗号的用途了。我把它归纳为以下几点：
一、with+宾语+其他成分（-ing分词/-ed分词/to do /adj/adv/介词词组/n等）构成的复合结构，作句子的状语，用逗号把它与句子的主体部分隔开，表明这种结构只是一个句子成分。如：
1.With lots of trees around our house，we feel cool.
2.With the door open ，they saw the person in the room clearly.
3.With my wife here，I have nothing fear.
4.With a lot of work to do，we went to bed early.
5.With a stick his weapon，he killed the wolf.
6.With his expensive cup broken，the old man was very angry.
7.With the society developing fast，we should learn more to adapt to it.
在高考中，这种结构也比较常见，如：
With a lot of difficult problems_____， the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.
A.settle B. to settle C. being settled D. settled
（答案：B. to settle 作状语表将来含义）
二、独立主格结构，即”名词或代词+其他成分（分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语）构成。它没有语法上的主语，但有其逻辑上的主语，只能用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开，作状语。该结构有以下特点：
（1）独立主格结构可以在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随状况。
（2）该结构的逻辑主语与句子语法的主语不指同一人或同一物。
（3）该结构可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间常用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开。如：
1.Weather permitting ，we will go to the Great Wall（表示条件）
2.Trees planted ，we felt happy.（表示时间）
3.Much homework to do ，they have no time to play.（表示原因）
4.My brother came in， his face pale .（表示伴随状况）
注意：（1）在名词或代词+介词短语结构中，有a/an/the/his/her/my/their等词分别修饰前后两个名词或名词本身为复数时，此结构可用with引导.若名词或代词和介词后面的名词没有任何冠词或所有格修饰，则不用with引导。如：
My teacher entered the classroom，（with） a book in his hand.
He came into the room， knife in mouth and rope in hand.
（2）“There being +n”可构成独立主格结构，其中being不能省略。如：
There being many people in the room， it was very noisy here.
（3）独立主格结构常可由“介词+复合宾语（即with/without/like+名词或代词宾格+分词、不定式、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语）”的结构替代。如： The room was quiet，（with ） no one inside.
（With） much work to do，the workers had no time to have a rest.
在高考中可能这样出题，如：
1）On Saturday evenings guests are entertained in the garden ， weather_____.
A.permits B. permit C. permitting D. permitted
（答案：C.该句出现逗号，逗号前是句子，那么其后肯定不是一个句子而是一个成分且为主动）
2）The women waited on the windy lawn ， their skirts _____ against their legs， keeping their hats on with difficulty.
A.being blowing B. to blow C. to be blown D. blown
（答案：D.blow和skirts之间是被动关系所以用过去分词表示被动和完成。A项表达形式不对）
三、分词结构以及不定式（即非谓语动词）作状语时，必须用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语是同一人或同一物。如：
1.Bing shy ， she ran away.
2.Lost in the book， he didn’t notice me standing beside him.
3.To have a good rest ， my brother went to bed early.
4.Having had the meal， the old man walked his dog in the street.
在高考中，非谓语动词是必考的，如：
（1）He was busy writing a story ， only____ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. （08—辽宁）
A.to stop B. stopping C. to have sopped D. having stopped
（答案：B.本题中，He was busy writing a story是一个句子，其后是逗号，根据上述知识，知道后面肯定是一个成分，用stopping 现在分词作伴随状语，且是主动）
（2）_____the right kind of training ， these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.（09—江西）
A. Giving B. having given C. To give D. Given
（答案：D.非谓语在句中作让步状语，句子主语与非谓语是被动关系，即被给予训练，因此选表示被动的Given.）
（3）He hurried to the stadium without supper，____the football match he had been longing to watch was cancelled.
A.only told B. only telling C only to tell D. only to be told
（答案：D. only+不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料，且主语与tell之间构成被动关系）
四、非限制性定语从句用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开，作定语，对句子起补充说明作用。
1.As we all know ， the earth is round.
2.He is a worker ， which we all know.
3.The woman should have more money， as is known to us all .
在高考中，非限制性定语从句的考法多种多样，如：
（1）By serving others ， a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself ，___can be very eye-opening and rewarding.（07—湖南）
A.who B. which C. what D. that
（答案：B .which作主语，代指前句内容）
（2）The Science Museum ，_____we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of one of London’s attractions.（08—江苏）
A.which B. what C. that D. where
（答案：A .which作visited的宾语）
（3）____is often the case， he didn’t study hard and failed to pass the test.
A. What B. which C. It D. As
（答案：D. As引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”）
五、形容词作状语，表状态，起补充说明作用，必须用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。
1.The teacher looked at me， disappointed.
2.The wolf fell down ， dead.
六、独立成分。该成分在句子中作插入语，不受主句主语的限制。如：to tell you the truth说实话；generally speaking一般说来；judging from 从——判断；considering everything 全面考虑；to make things worse 更糟糕的是。
1._____from media reports， the result has been unclear.
A.To judge B. Having judged C. Judging from D. Judge
（答案：C ）
2._____the more expensive the camera ， the better its quality.（2005—辽宁）
A.General speaking B. Speaking general
C.generally speaking D. Speaking generally
（答案：C ）
总之，逗号在英语学习中的作用是非常重要的，在高考中，掌握了它的用法，不仅能轻松做出正确的选择，而且对写作文意义重大，可以避免出现语法错误，同时又使整篇作文句式灵活多变。一篇完美的文章离不开逗号的正确使用，细微之处能体现写作的功力，注意细节，使你的文章更添神韵。
英语的句子一般由“主+谓+（宾）”或”主+系+表”等构成。一个句子中，不会同时出现两个或两个以上的谓语动词，除非是and连接的两个或多个并列谓语。如：My teacher went into the classroom，put down the book and began to speak English to us。两个句子之间有逗号隔开时，它们之间存在下列几种情况：1）两句子之间有并列连词；2）两句子之间有从属连词；3）两句子之间无连词，其中一个肯定不是句子，而是一个成分。众所周知，由and/but/or等引导的两个句子是并列句。如：（1）He likes apples， but his sister likes pears.（2）The boy was angry with his mother， and he ran away from his home .但是，若在一个句子中，出现逗号，那麽，逗号前或后的部分即为这个句子的成分，该成分作状语或定语.如：（1）Crying，she went home.句中逗号前crying 即为she went home的伴随状语.（2）Li Ming came back from Africa，worried and tired。该句逗号后worried and tired即为 Li Ming came back from Africa的状语，表句子主语的状况。
了解了以上这些之后，我们就容易理解逗号的用途了。我把它归纳为以下几点：
一、with+宾语+其他成分（-ing分词/-ed分词/to do /adj/adv/介词词组/n等）构成的复合结构，作句子的状语，用逗号把它与句子的主体部分隔开，表明这种结构只是一个句子成分。如：
1.With lots of trees around our house，we feel cool.
2.With the door open ，they saw the person in the room clearly.
3.With my wife here，I have nothing fear.
4.With a lot of work to do，we went to bed early.
5.With a stick his weapon，he killed the wolf.
6.With his expensive cup broken，the old man was very angry.
7.With the society developing fast，we should learn more to adapt to it.
在高考中，这种结构也比较常见，如：
With a lot of difficult problems_____， the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.
A.settle B. to settle C. being settled D. settled
（答案：B. to settle 作状语表将来含义）
二、独立主格结构，即”名词或代词+其他成分（分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语）构成。它没有语法上的主语，但有其逻辑上的主语，只能用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开，作状语。该结构有以下特点：
（1）独立主格结构可以在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随状况。
（2）该结构的逻辑主语与句子语法的主语不指同一人或同一物。
（3）该结构可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间常用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开。如：
1.Weather permitting ，we will go to the Great Wall（表示条件）
2.Trees planted ，we felt happy.（表示时间）
3.Much homework to do ，they have no time to play.（表示原因）
4.My brother came in， his face pale .（表示伴随状况）
注意：（1）在名词或代词+介词短语结构中，有a/an/the/his/her/my/their等词分别修饰前后两个名词或名词本身为复数时，此结构可用with引导.若名词或代词和介词后面的名词没有任何冠词或所有格修饰，则不用with引导。如：
My teacher entered the classroom，（with） a book in his hand.
He came into the room， knife in mouth and rope in hand.
（2）“There being +n”可构成独立主格结构，其中being不能省略。如：
There being many people in the room， it was very noisy here.
（3）独立主格结构常可由“介词+复合宾语（即with/without/like+名词或代词宾格+分词、不定式、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语）”的结构替代。如： The room was quiet，（with ） no one inside.
（With） much work to do，the workers had no time to have a rest.
在高考中可能这样出题，如：
1）On Saturday evenings guests are entertained in the garden ， weather_____.
A.permits B. permit C. permitting D. permitted
（答案：C.该句出现逗号，逗号前是句子，那么其后肯定不是一个句子而是一个成分且为主动）
2）The women waited on the windy lawn ， their skirts _____ against their legs， keeping their hats on with difficulty.
A.being blowing B. to blow C. to be blown D. blown
（答案：D.blow和skirts之间是被动关系所以用过去分词表示被动和完成。A项表达形式不对）
三、分词结构以及不定式（即非谓语动词）作状语时，必须用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语是同一人或同一物。如：
1.Bing shy ， she ran away.
2.Lost in the book， he didn’t notice me standing beside him.
3.To have a good rest ， my brother went to bed early.
4.Having had the meal， the old man walked his dog in the street.
在高考中，非谓语动词是必考的，如：
（1）He was busy writing a story ， only____ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. （08—辽宁）
A.to stop B. stopping C. to have sopped D. having stopped
（答案：B.本题中，He was busy writing a story是一个句子，其后是逗号，根据上述知识，知道后面肯定是一个成分，用stopping 现在分词作伴随状语，且是主动）
（2）_____the right kind of training ， these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.（09—江西）
A. Giving B. having given C. To give D. Given
（答案：D.非谓语在句中作让步状语，句子主语与非谓语是被动关系，即被给予训练，因此选表示被动的Given.）
（3）He hurried to the stadium without supper，____the football match he had been longing to watch was cancelled.
A.only told B. only telling C only to tell D. only to be told
（答案：D. only+不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料，且主语与tell之间构成被动关系）
四、非限制性定语从句用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开，作定语，对句子起补充说明作用。
1.As we all know ， the earth is round.
2.He is a worker ， which we all know.
3.The woman should have more money， as is known to us all .
在高考中，非限制性定语从句的考法多种多样，如：
（1）By serving others ， a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself ，___can be very eye-opening and rewarding.（07—湖南）
A.who B. which C. what D. that
（答案：B .which作主语，代指前句内容）
（2）The Science Museum ，_____we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of one of London’s attractions.（08—江苏）
A.which B. what C. that D. where
（答案：A .which作visited的宾语）
（3）____is often the case， he didn’t study hard and failed to pass the test.
A. What B. which C. It D. As
（答案：D. As引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”）
五、形容词作状语，表状态，起补充说明作用，必须用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。
1.The teacher looked at me， disappointed.
2.The wolf fell down ， dead.
六、独立成分。该成分在句子中作插入语，不受主句主语的限制。如：to tell you the truth说实话；generally speaking一般说来；judging from 从——判断；considering everything 全面考虑；to make things worse 更糟糕的是。
1._____from media reports， the result has been unclear.
A.To judge B. Having judged C. Judging from D. Judge
（答案：C ）
2._____the more expensive the camera ， the better its quality.（2005—辽宁）
A.General speaking B. Speaking general
C.generally speaking D. Speaking generally
（答案：C ）
总之，逗号在英语学习中的作用是非常重要的，在高考中，掌握了它的用法，不仅能轻松做出正确的选择，而且对写作文意义重大，可以避免出现语法错误，同时又使整篇作文句式灵活多变。一篇完美的文章离不开逗号的正确使用，细微之处能体现写作的功力，注意细节，使你的文章更添神韵。