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目的分析2010年-2015年贺州市禽流感病毒H5、H7、H9亚型流行趋势、病原学变化特点,探讨科学的防控措施,为预防和降低禽流感的流行提供依据。方法对活禽养殖场和市场环境标本899例,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测,并运用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果禽流感病毒A型核酸阳性检出331例;6年期间阳性分别为0例、6例、27例、50例、99例、149例,总体上升。病原以H9亚型为主,共217例,占81.58%;H5亚型19例,占7.14%;H7亚型2例,占0.75%;H5和H9合并亚型28例,占10.53%;不分型65例。2011年流行时间集中在第四季度,2012年和2015年流行高峰主要集中在第一季度,2013年和2014年流行高峰主要集中在第三季度;采集的标本以清洗禽类污水检出率最高;市场阳性率高于养殖场,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=59.05,P<0.01)。结论贺州市禽流感病毒检出呈上升趋势,病原仍以H9亚型低致病性为主,近年H5亚型所占比例激增,病原发生的型别、季节存在明显差异性,构成趋向复杂化。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of H5, H7 and H9 subunits of avian influenza virus in Hezhou from 2010 to 2015 and to explore scientific prevention and control measures to provide basis for preventing and reducing the prevalence of avian influenza. Methods 899 samples of live poultry farms and market environment were detected by real - time fluorescence quantitative PCR and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 331 cases were positive for type A nucleic acid of the avian influenza virus. The positive rates were 0, 6, 27, 50, 99 and 149 respectively in 6 years. There were 217 cases (81.58%) with pathogen H9 subtypes, 19 cases (H5 subtype) accounting for 7.14%, 2 cases (H7 subtype) accounting for 0.75%, and 28 cases (10.53%) with H5 and H9 merger subtypes. Type 65 cases. The epidemic peaked in the fourth quarter in 2011 with the peak in 2012 and 2015 mainly in the first quarter. The peak in 2013 and 2014 mainly concentrated in the third quarter. The collected samples were the highest in the detection rate of the sewage from poultry washes, Market positive rate higher than the farm, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 59.05, P <0.01). Conclusion The detection of avian influenza virus in Hezhou City is on the rise. Pathogenicity is still mainly caused by the low pathogenicity of H9 subtype. In recent years, the proportion of H5 subtypes has increased sharply. There are obvious differences in the types and seasons of pathogens, .