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组建政府,统治国家,古代中国的政治传统记载分明。与此相对,民间组织的传统则记录少、印象薄。通过对魏晋十六国时期“坞壁”组织的考察,本文认为在国家失序、战乱频仍的条件下,民间的组织传统发挥了作用:民众自发组织起来,选举领袖、制定章程、分工协作以实现战时的自保目标。这种战乱时局虽然只是历史瞬间,但民间组织的“民主”传统却成了维系社会安全的重要因素,为国家与社会的秩序重建提供了基础。当国家重建统治秩序的任务完成,民间的民主传统及其影响再次隐没,但不可否认的是这种传统的真实存在。
The formation of the government, rule the country, ancient China’s political tradition clearly documented. In contrast, the traditions of civil society are poorly documented and impressed. Through the investigation of the “Wubi” organization in the period of the Wei-Jin and the 16-nation period, this paper argues that under the conditions of national disorder and frequent wars, the traditional folk organization has played a role: the people spontaneously organize themselves, elect their leaders, establish their articles of association, divide their labor Collaborate to achieve self-protection goals during wartime. Although this war-time situation is only an instant in history, the “democracy” tradition of non-governmental organizations has become an important factor in maintaining social security and has provided the basis for the reconstruction of the order of the state and society. When the task of rebuilding the country’s order is completed and the folk democratic tradition and its influence are again hidden, it is undeniable that this traditional reality exists.