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为将表层秸秆施入心土,改善贫瘠的心土层创造有利条件,该文设计了将白浆土“上翻20 cm,下混30~40 cm,同时将有机物料施入心土层”的秸秆心土混合犁。该研究通过设置秸秆心土混合区和浅翻深松区田间对比试验,调查机械作业后土壤理化性质,指示作物农艺性状以及产量指标等,明确秸秆心土混合的改土增产机理,进一步拓宽白浆土改良途径,为机械改土技术的广泛应用提供技术支撑。研究结果表明:与浅翻深松相比,秸秆心土混合改善心土层土壤物理性质,20~40 cm土层土壤含水率提高2.69~4.90个百分点;硬度降低44.45%左右,且没有出现峰值;改善土壤通透性,固相降低幅度为4.51~2.14个百分点,液相增加幅度为1.17~4.13个百分点,气相增加幅度为0.38~0.98个百分点,容重下降幅度为0.16~0.11 g/cm~3;提高心土层养分含量,碱解氮提高17.33%,有效磷提高116.39%,速效钾提高37.86%,有机质提高36.66%,同时提高心土层全量养分含量,缓解土壤酸性。连续2 a调查大豆产量,秸秆心土混合区比对照区增产15.77%~16.33%,一次改土后效时间长,增产效果显著。该研究结果可为白浆土及其同类低产土壤改良及作物高产提供技术支撑。
In order to create favorable conditions for applying surface straws into the heart and soil and improving the poor soil and soil layers, the article designed to make the white soil “turn over 20 cm and down-mix 30-40 cm while applying organic material to the soil- ”Straw core soil mixed plow. In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the soil physical and chemical properties after mechanical operation, agronomic characters of crops and yield indicators, and to clarify the soil improvement and yield increase mechanism of soil-soil mixed straw to further broaden the whiteness and whiteness of the soil. Soil and soil improvement approach for mechanical soil improvement technology to provide a wide range of technical support. The results showed that soil-soil mixed soil improved the physical properties of soil in the core soil layer, soil water content in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer increased by 2.69 ~ 4.90%, hardness decreased by 44.45% and no peak appeared ; The soil permeability was improved, the reduction of solid phase was 4.51-2.14%, the increase of liquid phase was 1.17-4.13%, the increase of gas phase was 0.38-0.98%, and the decrease of bulk density was 0.16-0.11 g / cm ~ Soil nutrient content increased by 17.33%, available phosphorus increased by 116.39%, available potassium increased by 37.86%, and organic matter increased by 36.66%. At the same time, the content of total nutrients in soil and soil layers was increased and soil acidity was alleviated. Soybean yield was investigated for 2 consecutive years. The mixed area of straw and heart soil increased 15.77% ~ 16.33% compared with the control area. The results of this study can provide technical support for the improvement of albacore and its low-yielding soil of the same type and high crop yield.