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目的 调查母亲围孕期危险因素暴露与儿童先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)发病的关系,为该病的防控提供参考.方法 采用病例对照研究方法,选择CHD患儿331例为研究对象,同时选择生活在同一环境下、年龄、性别相匹配的健康儿童331例作为对照组,对其母亲进行面对面问卷调查,危险因素的探索采用多因素logistic回归分析.结果 孕期感冒(OR=32.660,95％CI:2.843～376.319)、孕期使用抗生素(OR=14.645,95％ CI:1.152～ 55.074)、母亲孕期被动吸烟(OR=5.288,95％ CI:1.076～25.995)、父亲饮酒(OR=9.903,95％CI:2.860～ 34.293)、患者胎次(OR=3.834,95％ CI:1.923～7.644)为CHD的高危因素,可增加胎儿患CHD的风险,母亲孕期接受健康宣教为保护因素(OR=0.002,95％ CI:0.000～0.028).结论 高原地区CHD的发病与围孕期危险因素的暴露存在相关性,积极开展健康宣教,采取针对性的防控措施,有利于减少该地区CHD的发生.“,”Objective To explore the correlation between maternal risk factor exposure during periconceptional period and congenital heart disease (CHD),and to provide scientific basis for CHD prevention.Methods A case-control study was conducted in which 331 cases with CHD and 331 age and gender matched healthy con trols were enrolled according to the criterion.A face-to-face questionnaire survey on life style and environmental factors of their parents were conducted.Single-factor and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the risk factors associated with CHD.Results The analysis revealed that CHD was highly associated with 5 risk factors as having a cold (OR=32.660,95％CI:2.843-376.319),use of antibiotics (OR=14.645,95％CI:1.152-55.074) and passive smoking (OR=5.288,95％CI:1.076-25.995) during pregnancy as well as paternal drinking (OR=9.903,95％CI:2.860-34.293) and maternal parities (OR=3.834,95 ％CI:1.923-7.644).Whereas health education (OR =0.002,95 ％ CI:0.000-0.028) during pregnancy was the only protective factor.Conclusions The occurrence of CHD in plateau region may be associated with risk factor exposure during pregnancy.Health education during pregnancy and other interventions should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of CHD.