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经常在低负荷下工作的涡轮增压和自然吸气柴油机的一个共同现象是燃油喷嘴尖端外表面的“冷蚀”。这通常是由于发动机工作温度不适当使喷嘴过冷而发生的。如果发动机长期在低负荷下运转,即使采用水冷喷嘴,当燃烧加热重油时也常易导致冷蚀。燃料中的硫燃烧产生的废气中含有的二氧化硫凝结在燃烧室比较冷的部位上,并在有水蒸汽时与水蒸汽结合形成亚硫酸(H_2SO_3)和硫酸(H_2SO_4)。凝结的一个必要条件是
A common phenomenon with turbocharged and naturally aspirated diesel engines, which often operate at low loads, is the “cold erosion” of the outer surface of the fuel nozzle tip. This usually occurs because the nozzle is too cold due to improper engine operating temperatures. If the engine is operated at a low load for a long period of time, even with water-cooled nozzles, it is often easy to cause cold erosion when burning heavy oil for heating. Sulfur dioxide contained in the exhaust gas produced by the combustion of sulfur in the fuel condenses in the cooler part of the combustion chamber and combines with steam to form sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) when steam is present. A necessary condition for condensation is