论文部分内容阅读
1.当土壤持水量高于60%以上时,播种后出苗非常迅速,在不到两星期内出苗率可以达90%以上(平均气温在8℃左右)。2.当幼苗期土壤持水量在55—60%时,不仅幼苗生长健壮,且从进入繁茂期开始,植株生长非常迅速,产量和产糖量均高,是幼苗期最适宜的土壤持水量。当高于或低于此持水量的范围时,对甜菜生长发育产生不利影响,其影响程度随土壤持水量高于或低于适宜土壤持水量的幅度大小而不同。一般地讲,离开适宜土壤持水量的范围越表7 在不同持水量情况下甜菜耗水量与耗水系数土壤持水量 55% 55～60% 60% 70% 70% 83%项目耗水量(吨/亩) % 耗水量(吨/亩) % 耗水量(吨/亩) % 耗水量(吨/亩) % 耗水量(吨/亩) % 耗水量(吨/亩) %生育阶段幼苗期 70.6 23.6 90.2 32.0 86.4 26.7 105.4 30.4 169.1 47.6 480.9 69.6繁茂期 182.2 60.8 134.5 47.8 176.0 54.2 174.1 50.2 141.5 39.9 151.4 21.9成熟期 46.8 15.6 56.9 20.2 62.3 19.1 67.5 19.4 44.4 12.5 58.8 8.5总耗水量 299.6 281.6 324.7 347.0 355.0 691.1耗水系数 285.1 228.9 245.2 358.8 400.7 1157.6注:本资料根据一九七八年和一九七九年的田间小区试验结果;表中%栏为模系数;表中~*为一九七九年的资料,其余为一九七八年的资料。大,危害程度也就越大。3.在幼苗期适宜土壤持水量的条件下,苗期耗水量一般在85～90立方米/亩。哈尔滨地区春冬自然降雨量在81.9立方米/亩,与甜菜苗期耗水量差不多。但是从我区十年九春旱、尤其是播种后土壤干旱的特点出发,采取保墒措施和抢墒播种是十分必要的。如果能进行秋、冬灌,则是防旱保苗的最有效措施。
1. When the soil water content is higher than 60%, the seedling emerges very rapidly. In less than two weeks, the emergence rate can reach more than 90% (the average temperature is about 8 ℃). 2. When the soil water holding capacity at seedling stage is 55-60%, not only the seedlings grow robustly, but also the plants grow very rapidly and the yield and sugar yield are both high from the beginning of entering the flourishing stage, which is the most suitable soil water holding capacity at seedling stage. When it is higher or lower than the range of water holding capacity, the growth and development of sugar beet will be adversely affected. The degree of influence will vary with the water holding capacity of soil is higher or lower than that of suitable soil water holding capacity. In general, the range of water holding capacity for leaving suitable soil is higher. Table 7 Water consumption and water consumption coefficient of sugar beet under different water holding capacity Soil water content 55% 55 ~ 60% 60% 70% 70% 83% Mu)% Water Consumption (tons / mu)% Water Consumption (tons / mu)% Water Consumption (tons / mu)% Water Consumption (tons / mu)% Water Consumption (tons / mu)% Growth Stage Seedling Age 70.6 23.6 90.2 32.0 86.4 26.7 105.4 30.4 169.1 47.6 480.9 69.6 Prosperous period 182.2 60.8 134.5 47.8 176.0 54.2 174.1 50.2 141.5 39.9 151.4 21.9 Maturity 46.8 15.6 56.9 20.2 62.3 19.1 67.5 19.4 44.4 12.5 58.8 8.5 Total water consumption 299.6 281.6 324.7 347.0 355.0 691.1 Water consumption coefficient 285.1 228.9 245.2 358.8 400.7 1157.6 Note: The data are based on the field test results of 1978 and 1979; the% column in the table is used as the modulus; the table * is the data for 1979 and the rest are Information for 1978 Large, the greater the degree of harm. 3. In the seedling suitable for soil water conditions, the water consumption at seedling stage is generally 85 to 90 cubic meters / mu. Spring and winter rainfall in Harbin natural 81.9 cubic meters / mu, and beet seedling water consumption similar. However, from the nine years of our region drought in nine spring, especially the characteristics of soil drought after sowing, to take measures to preserve moisture and grab moisture sowing is very necessary. If we can carry out autumn and winter irrigation, it is the most effective measure to prevent drought and protect seedlings.