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目的了解在甲型肝炎疫苗(Hepatitis A Vaccine,HepA)纳入国家免疫规划前,山东省2～6岁儿童接种情况,为完善HepA免疫策略提供参考。方法对全省2～6岁儿童HepA接种情况进行抽样调查,HepA接种史通过查阅预防接种证/卡,或通过家长回忆获得。结果共调查1128名2～6岁儿童,其中接种≥1剂HepA者占78.90%;接种率随年龄增长而降低,各年龄组HepA接种率差异有统计学意义(x2=11.54,P=0.02);男童和女童HepA接种率分别为77.67%和80.30%,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.17,P=0.28)。HepA接种率东部地区高于中、西部地区,经济水平较高地区高于经济水平中等和较低地区,差异均有统计学意义(x2分别为27.25,58.17;P均<0.01)。结论山东省要加强儿童HepA常规免疫,特别是中、西部地区和经济欠发达地区;同时应适时开展学龄前儿童HepA查漏补种。
Objective To understand the vaccination status of children aged 2 ~ 6 years in Heilongjiang Province before Hepatitis A Vaccine (HepA) was included in the national immunization program, so as to provide a reference for improving HepA immunization strategy. Methods The HepA inoculation history of children aged 2 ~ 6 years in the province was sampled. HepA inoculation history was obtained by referring to vaccination certificate / card or by parents’ memory. Results A total of 1128 children aged 2 to 6 years were enrolled, of whom 78.90% were vaccinated with ≥1 HepA. The vaccination rate decreased with age, and the HepA vaccination rate was significantly different among all age groups (x2 = 11.54, P = 0.02) . HepA vaccination rates for boys and girls were 77.67% and 80.30% respectively, with no significant difference (x2 = 1.17, P = 0.28). The HepA inoculation rate was higher in the eastern part than in the middle and western parts, higher in the economic level than in the middle and lower economic level, with significant differences (x2 = 27.25 and 58.17, P <0.01 respectively). Conclusion Shandong Province should strengthen routine HepA immunization of children, especially in the central and western regions and economically underdeveloped areas. At the same time, HepA screening and replanting of preschool children should be timely carried out.