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目的了解徐州市中小学校教学环境状况及存在的问题,为改善教学环境和保障学生身心健康提供有益参考。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取徐州市各县(市)区学校60所372间教室,按照国家有关标准进行监测和评价。结果教室人均面积总合格率为36.8%,其中中学合格率为57.6%,小学为26.3%,中学高于小学(χ~2=63.1,P<0.01);农村合格率为53.7%,城市合格率为13.5%,农村高于城市(χ~2=34.9,P<0.01)。课桌椅分配符合率为4.3%,黑板尺寸和反射比合格率分别为100.0%和72.6%,采光系数和窗地面积比合格率分别为96.8%和84.9%,灯桌间距合格率为100.0%;课桌面平均照度合格率为75.8%,噪声合格率为48.9%。以学校为单位计算抽样教室的平均得分,学校合格率为71.7%,但达到优秀学校的仅占3.3%。结论徐州市中小学教学环境卫生问题不容乐观,应采取措施加以改善。
Objective To understand the status and existing problems of teaching environment in primary and secondary schools in Xuzhou, and to provide a useful reference for improving the teaching environment and protecting the physical and mental health of students. Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect 372 classrooms of 60 schools in counties (districts) of Xuzhou City, and the monitoring and evaluation were conducted in accordance with relevant national standards. Results The total pass rate per classroom was 36.8%. The pass rate of secondary school was 57.6%, that of primary school was 26.3%, that of middle school was higher than that of primary school (χ ~ 2 = 63.1, P <0.01) 13.5% in rural areas than in urban areas (χ ~ 2 = 34.9, P <0.01). The compliance rate of distribution of desks and chairs was 4.3%, the blackboard size and reflectance were 100.0% and 72.6% respectively, the passing rate of lighting coefficient and window area were 96.8% and 84.9% respectively, and the passing rate of lamp table spacing was 100.0% The average passing rate of desk surface illumination is 75.8%, and the noise passing rate is 48.9%. The average score for the sampled classrooms was calculated on a school-by-school basis, with 71.7% passing the school but only 3.3% reaching the best schools. Conclusion The environmental health problems of teaching in primary and secondary schools in Xuzhou City are not optimistic, and measures should be taken to improve them.