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中国农业劳动力在可预见的未来将不断向非农部门转移,进而推动农业生产方式和农民生存结构不断转变.当前中国正在大力治理农业面源污染,农户行为是制定农业环境政策时必须要考虑的关键因素.本研究利用农户微观调查数据和计量经济学方法,从农业要素的替代效应和农业规模经营效应两方面,定量研究了农业劳动力转移对农业面源污染的影响.研究得出:农业劳动力规模增多并不有利于降低农业面源污染,而农业劳动力非农转移带来的收入提高会改善农业要素投入结构,进而降低农业面源污染.政府部门应向农业社会化服务组织提供补贴或激励措施,扩大农业社会化服务组织面积和服务次数,引导农民使用绿色农业技术,进而从源头上降低农产品生产资料投入带来的农业面源污染.此外,发展适用于小面积土地耕作的小型农业机械也具有一定的必要性.“,”A large proportion of the rural labor force in China will continue to transfer to non-agricultural sectors in the near future, which will inevitably lead to the transformation of the agricultural production mode and the structure of the farmers' livelihood. The Chinese government is making great efforts to govern agricultural nonpoint source pollution (ANSP), and farmers' environmental behavior is a key factor that must be considered in the formulation of agricultural environmental policies. Based on a set of micro survey data on farmers in the study area and econo-metric methods, this study investigates the impact of agricultural labor transfer on ANSP by considering the sub-stitution effect of agricultural factors and the effect of agricultural economies of scale. The results show that the in-crease of the agricultural labor force will not be conducive to reducing ANSP, while the income increase brought by agricultural labor transfer will improve the input structure of agricultural factors and have a positive impact on ANSP reduction. Government departments should provide subsidies or incentive measures to help agricultural social service organizations to expand their coverage and increase the frequency of socialized agricultural services, in order to guide farmers in the use of environment-friendly agricultural technology to reduce the ANSP caused by agricultural factors at the source. Furthermore, it is necessary to facilitate the development of small-sized agricul-tural machinery suitable for small-area land cultivation.