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本世纪以来,城市化已成为一股不可遏止的世界性潮流。尤其自二次大战以后,随着工业化和社会生产力在世界范围的迅速发展,城市化的势头更为迅猛。到1989年,发达国家的城市人口比重已接近80％,进入了高度城市化阶段。发展中国家的城市人口比重虽然只有40％左右,但是自1950年以来,城市化进程明显加快,城市人口年平均增长率大大超过了发达国家,显示出与世界城市化水平日益缩小的趋势。印度作为发展中国家的人口大国,近几十年来城市化进程也明显加快。但是如果从世界范围去考察,其城市化水平却属于最低之列,城市化的进程速度也较为滞缓。究竟是什么原因阻滞了印度的城市化进程?当前这一进程中有何特点?今后的发展趋势怎样?本文拟对这些问题试加分析。
Since the beginning of this century, urbanization has become an unstoppable worldwide trend. Especially since the Second World War, with the rapid development of industrialization and social productive forces in the world, the momentum of urbanization is even more rapid. By 1989, the developed urban population had reached nearly 80% of the urban population and entered a highly urbanized phase. Although the proportion of urban population in developing countries is only about 40%, since 1950, the process of urbanization has accelerated noticeably. The average annual growth rate of urban population has greatly exceeded that of developed countries and shows a trend of shrinking with the world’s urbanization. As a populous country in developing countries, India has seen a marked acceleration of urbanization in recent decades. However, if we examine from all over the world, the level of urbanization is the lowest, and the pace of urbanization is relatively slow. What are the reasons for blocking the process of urbanization in India? What are the characteristics of the current process? What are the future trends? The paper intends to add an analysis of these issues.