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目的了解噪声对客车检车员听力、高血压、心电图的影响,为预防噪声危害提出针对性的干预措施。方法以2015年9—11月昆明铁路局车辆段在岗的268名客车检车员为观察组,260名非噪声接触职工作为对照组。对两组按照GBZ 188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》等相关规范进行职业健康检查,用Excel录入相应体检资料,导入SPSS软件包中对体检结果进行统计分析。结果观察组听力损失、高血压、心电图异常检出率(分别为10.45%、24.63%、36.19%)均高于对照组(分别为4.23%、11.15%、14.23%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。听力损失检出率和高血压随年龄和工龄的增长而增长(P<0.05),而心电图异常率不随着年龄和工龄的增长而增高(P>0.05)。结论长期接触噪声会对客车检车员的听力、血压、心电图产生影响,应采取综合措施,以减少噪声对身体的损害。
Objective To understand the effect of noise on the hearing, hypertension and electrocardiogram (ECG) of passenger car inspectors and put forward targeted interventions to prevent noise damage. Methods A total of 268 passenger car inspectors, who were on-the-job depot of the Kunming Railway Administration depot from September to November in 2015, were selected as the observation group and 260 non-noise exposed workers as the control group. Occupational health examination was carried out on the two groups according to relevant regulations such as GBZ 188-2014 “Occupational Health Monitoring Technical Specifications”. The medical examination data were entered by Excel and imported into the SPSS software package for statistical analysis of the physical examination results. Results The detection rate of abnormal hearing loss, hypertension and electrocardiogram were 10.45%, 24.63% and 36.19% respectively in the observation group (4.23%, 11.15% and 14.23% respectively), the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The detection rate of hearing loss and hypertension increased with the increase of age and seniority (P <0.05), while the abnormal rate of ECG did not increase with the increase of age and seniority (P> 0.05). Conclusion Long-term exposure to noise can affect the audiometry, blood pressure and electrocardiogram of passenger car inspectors. Comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the noise damage to the body.